Understanding the Changing Face of CPR in Times of Pandemic

During the ongoing coronavirus outbreak, the protocols for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have evolved significantly. CPR procedures have been both refined and simplified regarding the use of mouth-to-mouth respiration, especially in community settings and emergencies on the street. This article delves into the necessity, safety, and current practices of performing CPR, particularly focusing on mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and the latest guidelines from healthcare professionals.

Why Mouth-to-Mouth is No Longer a Standard in CPR

The usage of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation has fallen out of favor in CPR practices. In a statement from the American Heart Association, it is noted that mouth-to-mouth has not been a significant part of CPR for over two and a half decades. According to the latest guidelines, unless you are a trained healthcare provider, it is recommended to perform only chest compressions. For those who are trained healthcare providers, it is advised to use a barrier device, such as a pocket mask, a bag valve mask, or any other device to deliver breaths during CPR. In cases where no barrier device is available, compressions should be prioritized.

Protocol for Adult Cardiac Arrest

For an adult experiencing cardiac arrest, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is not necessary. Research supports that chest compressions alone can be just as effective in maintaining circulation and airflow. When it comes to adult cardiac arrests, the primary focus remains on chest compressions. However, in cases where the arrest is due to respiratory issues, such as pulmonary infections like coronavirus, asthma, or COPD, the need for air circulation becomes paramount.

Addressing the Concerns: Is It COVID?

The primary concern during a corona outbreak might be the fear of contracting the virus while performing CPR. However, this apprehension is often misplaced. First aid responders are trained to minimize the risk of infection, and advanced personal protective equipment (PPE) further reduces the likelihood of transmission. Additionally, the odds of a healthy adult contracting a severe case of coronavirus and subsequently dying from it are significantly low. Furthermore, the risk of someone suffering brain damage or guilt due to inaction often outweighs the small risk associated with performing CPR.

Practical Steps in Performing CPR

First, it is essential to recognize that if you are not CPR-certified, you should not intervene or attempt to perform CPR without medical supervision. Instead, call 911 immediately and follow the instructions provided by emergency personnel. In some cases, makeshift devices can be used to assist in chest compressions, such as a pump made from an inflated plastic bag held over the mouth and nose, though these devices typically require multiple rescuers.

Conclusion

The evolving standards of CPR in the face of a pandemic require a deep understanding of the latest guidelines and protocols. While mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is no longer the standard, compressions alone can still be life-saving. The key is to stay informed, remain calm, and take appropriate action based on the situation and your level of training. Remember, the greatest risk often comes from doing nothing in an emergency situation.