Calculating CO2 Production in Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid Reaction
Understanding and Calculating CO2 Gas Production from Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid Reaction
When dealing with chemical reactions, particularly those involving gases, it's crucial to understand how to calculate the amount of gas produced. This article focuses on the reaction between calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), producing carbon dioxide (CO2) among other products.
Reaction Equation and Components
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
CaCO3(s) 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) H2O(l) CO2(g)
Here, calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to form calcium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide.
Steps to Calculate CO2 Production
1. Identify the Reactants and Products
The reactants are calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), while the products are calcium chloride (CaCl2), water (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2).
2. Determine Molar Masses
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3):
Ca: 40.08 g/mol C: 12.01 g/mol O: 16.00 g/mol × 3 48.00 g/molTotal: 100.09 g/mol
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl):
H: 1.01 g/mol Cl: 35.45 g/molTotal: 36.46 g/mol
Carbon Dioxide (CO2):
C: 12.01 g/mol O: 16.00 g/mol × 2 32.00 g/molTotal: 44.01 g/mol
3. Use Stoichiometry
From the balanced equation, we see that 1 mole of calcium carbonate produces 1 mole of carbon dioxide. Therefore, the amount of CO2 produced can be directly calculated from the amount of CaCO3 used.
Calculation Example
1. If You Start with 100 g of CaCO3
Step 1: Calculate Moles of CaCO3
Moles of CaCO3 mass / molar mass
Moles of CaCO3 100 g / 100.09 g/mol ≈ 0.999 moles
Step 2: Calculate Moles of CO2 Produced
Since the reaction produces 1 mole of CO2 for every mole of CaCO3, the moles of CO2 produced will also be approximately 0.999 moles.
Step 3: Calculate the Mass of CO2 Produced
Mass of CO2 moles × molar mass
Mass of CO2 0.999 moles × 44.01 g/mol ≈ 43.96 g
Therefore, approximately 43.96 grams of CO2 gas is produced.
Volume of CO2 Gas Produced
Using the Standard Molar Volume law, which states that 1.0 mol of a gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP) occupies 22.414 litres:
Vol. of CO2 gas 1.0 mol × 22.414 L/mol 22.414 L
So, in this example, 22.414 litres of CO2 gas is given off.
Additional Calculations
For this example, 1 mol of CaCO3 weighs 100.087g and 2 mol of HCl weighs 72.922g.
These calculations are essential for various applications, including environmental assessments and industrial processes.
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