Calculating the Percent by Mass of Oxygen in Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)
Calculating the Percent by Mass of Oxygen in Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a crucial chemical compound with extensive industrial applications. Understanding its composition, particularly the % by mass of oxygen, is essential for various processes. This article will guide you through the calculation of the percent by mass of oxygen in sulfuric acid.
Step-by-Step Calculation of Molar Mass of H2SO4
Before we proceed with the calculation of the percent by mass of oxygen, we need to determine the molar mass of the compound, H2SO4.
Mass Contribution of Each Element
The chemical formula H2SO4 indicates that one mole of sulfuric acid contains:
2 atoms of hydrogen (H) 1 atom of sulfur (S) 4 atoms of oxygen (O)The molar masses of each element are as follows:
Hydrogen (H): 1.01 g/mol Sulfur (S): 32.07 g/mol Oxygen (O): 16.00 g/molTotal Molar Mass of H2SO4
Now, let's calculate the total molar mass of H2SO4 by summing up the contributions of each element:
Calculation Details
For Hydrogen:
2 atoms × 1.01 g/mol 2.02 g/mol
For Sulfur:
1 atom × 32.07 g/mol 32.07 g/mol
For Oxygen:
4 atoms × 16.00 g/mol 64.00 g/mol
Adding these values together:
2.02 g/mol 32.07 g/mol 64.00 g/mol 98.09 g/mol
Percent by Mass of Oxygen in H2SO4
The next step is to calculate the percent by mass of oxygen in H2SO4. The formula for this is:
% by mass of oxygen (Mass of oxygen / Molar mass of H2SO4) × 100
Substituting the values, we get:
% by mass of oxygen (64.00 g/mol / 98.09 g/mol) × 100 ≈ 65.24%
Explanation
The chemical formula H2SO4 indicates that in one mole of sulfuric acid, there are four moles of oxygen atoms. To calculate the percentage by mass of oxygen, you need to divide the mass of oxygen in one mole of sulfuric acid by the molar mass of sulfuric acid and multiply by 100. This results in approximately 65.24% by mass of oxygen in H2SO4.
Practical Application
Understanding the percent by mass of oxygen in sulfuric acid is crucial for:
Process control in chemical manufacturing and refinement Determining purity levels in commercial and industrial applications Optimizing chemical reactions that involve sulfuric acidIn conclusion, the percent by mass of oxygen in sulfuric acid H2SO4 is approximately 65.24%, making it a fundamental property for various scientific and industrial purposes.
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