Can Depression Shrink the Hippocampus and How to Reverse the Damage

I initially didn’t know about the link between depression and a smaller hippocampus, but my personal experience suggests a different perspective. While I suffered from depression, I recovered within a few months and have since achieved significant accomplishments. This journey made me curious about the brain's response to depression and whether the shrinkage of the hippocampus is truly irreversible.

Link Between Brain Structures and Mental Illness

It has been observed that the size of certain brain structures is associated with mental illnesses. The hippocampus, a critical region for memory and learning, has been found to be smaller in individuals with anxiety and depression. This suggests that brain regions grow in response to their specific functions and may shrink under stress.

My Personal Experience and Brain Plasticity

In my case, I engaged in a practice called EGMi (Emotional Geometry Mental Integration), which maximizes the use of the left brain for logical and positive thought and feeling. If I had a functional MRI before starting this practice, it would have provided a comparative baseline to assess potential changes. Additionally, I focused on blocking right brain use to reduce anxiety and related mental illnesses. It feels like my right brain activity is suppressed, potentially affecting the right amygdala specifically.

Role of Cortisol in Hippocampus Shrinkage

Research indicates that cortisol, a hormone released during stress, plays a significant role in the shrinkage of the hippocampus. In this brain region, cortisol is both regulated and broken down. Persistent and frequent stress, including depression and anxiety, leads to elevated cortisol levels. This excess cortisol hampers neurogenesis, the process of creating new neurons, and damages existing ones, resulting in volume shrinkage.

Reversing the Damage: The Brain's Plasticity

Fortunately, the brain is highly adaptable, a characteristic known as neuroplasticity. Neuromodulation and behavioral changes can help reverse the adverse effects of stress on the hippocampus. By easing stress levels and establishing routines, you can encourage neurogenesis and promote the growth of new brain cells. Although this may sound straightforward, achieving consistent reductions in stress and maintaining new routines can be challenging.

Conclusion

While the link between depression and a smaller hippocampus is well-documented, the good news is that the brain’s ability to adapt and heal can counteract these effects. By focusing on mental health, reducing stress, and making lifestyle changes, it is possible to mitigate the damage caused by prolonged exposure to stress and potentially reverse the shrinkage of the hippocampus.