Can a Man Marry His Brother’s Daughter Under Christian Doctrine?

Introduction

One of the more contentious aspects of Christian ethical and legal teachings is the concept of marriage between close relatives, particularly between a man and his brother's daughter. This article explores this topic, examining biblical texts, theological interpretations, and contemporary considerations.

Historical and Biblical Context

The question of marriage between a man and his brother's daughter arises in a specific context. According to Genesis, a married man may also be commanded to take his brother’s widow as his own wife, known as the “ levirate marriage” (Deuteronomy 25:5-10). This practice is designed to preserve the family and lineage. However, it applies only to the husband of the deceased brother.

Is it Forbidden If the Brother is Still Alive?

It is explicitly forbidden for a man to marry his brother's daughter while his brother is still alive (Leviticus 18:16, 20:21). This prohibition is rooted in the biblical narrative that aims to prevent close familial intimacy, which can lead to degenerative effects on the family unit and society as a whole.

Obligation If the Brother Died Without a Child

In the event that the brother has passed away without leaving heirs, there is a traditional obligation for the surviving brother to marry his deceased brother's widow, but not directly his niece. The responsibility is to raise the children of the deceased brother and continue his lineage (Deuteronomy 25:5-10). However, once a child is born, the surviving brother is no longer under this obligation and the niece is no longer his lawful wife (Genesis 38).

Theological Interpretations

Theological perspectives on this issue are varied and influenced by biblical texts and cultural norms. The central biblical texts regarding marriage and family are in Genesis, Leviticus, and Numbers, which provide important guidelines for believers.

Genesis

In the early days of the family of Adam and Eve, their descendants married among themselves, as seen in the naming of Cain’s wife (Genesis 4:17). This shows that marriage between relatives was not always prohibited. However, this practice pre-dates the covenant with God and the given laws.

Genetic and Social Pragmatics

These early examples can be interpreted as pragmatic solutions to maintaining family structure and lineage. However, later texts introduce prohibitions against such close marriages, emphasizing the importance of maintaining familial distance to preserve purity and righteousness.

Leviticus 18 and 20

These chapters specifically outline sins that are an abomination to the LORD, including celibacy and sexual relations among certain close relatives. These regulations are rooted in both the covenant between God and the Israelites and broader societal and spiritual considerations.

1 Corinthians 5 and 2 Corinthians 2

The New Testament also addresses issues of moral conduct, emphasizing the importance of spiritual well-being over personal desires. In 1 Corinthians 5, the apostle Paul commands Christians to avoid such behaviors, especially if they would cause division in the community. This teaching underscores the importance of Christian fellowship and the holistic impact of one's actions.

Modern Considerations

In contemporary times, traditions and cultural norms have evolved. Many Christian denominations follow these biblical commandments strictly, while others offer more nuanced perspectives. Modern ethical and legal systems often prohibit such marriages, considering them a threat to the well-being of the family and society.

Spiritual and Practical Implications

Christianity teaches that believers must seek the well-being of others, particularly within their families and communities. If a community or individual's moral or spiritual convictions oppose such marriages, Christians are encouraged to respect these beliefs, even if they differ. This encourages a community of unity and mutual respect.

Conclusion

While the biblical text provides clear guidelines, the practice of marriage between a man and his brother's daughter remains controversial. The key principles are to respect biblical prohibitions, maintain ethical and moral standards, and prioritize the spiritual and social well-being of the community.

References

Bible Gateway. (n.d.). Genesis, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, and 1 2 Corinthians. Bible Quiz. (n.d.). Leviticus 18 and 20: The Commandments. (n.d.). Leviticus 18.