The Complex World of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery

The branch of medicine known as paediatrics focuses on providing healthcare for infants, adolescents, and children, including young adults. Within this field, paediatric orthopaedics is a specialized area that deals with joint, muscle, and bone-associated problems in children, from infants to teenagers. Paediatric orthopaedic surgeons are trained to perform a wide range of surgical and clinical procedures to address various musculoskeletal conditions that can arise from injuries, traumas, congenital anomalies, or developmental issues.

Common Issues and Conditions

Paediatric orthopaedic surgeons often encounter several common issues and conditions in their practice. These can include:

Bowed Legs/Knees: Surgeries to correct bowed legs or knees are performed to straighten the legs and improve the child’s posture and gait. limb lengthening: This involves extending the length of the bone to achieve equal leg lengths, often to correct deformities or imbalances in limb length. Joint Reconstruction: Reconstruction of joints may be necessary due to congenital anomalies or injuries that affect the structure and function of the joints. Fracture Repairs: The repair of broken bones is a critical aspect of orthopaedic care, especially in children, where fractures can heal differently compared to adults. Scoliosis Correction: Scoliosis is a condition where the spine curves sideways, and surgical correction may be necessary to prevent further curvature and improve the child's breathing and posture. Corrections of Spinal Deformities: Various spinal deformities, such as kyphosis and lordosis, can be treated with surgical interventions to correct the alignment of the spine. Clubfoot Correction: Clubfoot is a congenital condition where the foot is misshapen, and surgery is often required to correct the alignment and improve mobility. Hip Joint Surgery: Surgical interventions to repair and correct hip joints, which may be affected by conditions like dysplasia or dislocation. Tumour Surgeries: The removal of bone or soft tissue tumours, which can be benign or malignant, is a critical aspect of orthopaedic care. Sports-Related Injuries: Sports injuries in children, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, often require surgical intervention to ensure proper recovery and return to sports activities. Cerebral Palsy Surgery: Children with cerebral palsy may require surgical procedures to address issues related to movement, posture, and joint function.

Diagnostic and Pre-Surgical Tests

To accurately diagnose and develop a treatment plan, a variety of diagnostic tests and procedures are performed before surgery. These may include:

X-rays: Imaging tests to visualize bone structures and identify any abnormalities or fractures. CT Scans: Computed tomography scans provide detailed cross-sectional images of the body, which can help in planning surgical procedures. MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging is used to evaluate soft tissue and bone structures, helping to identify conditions like tumors or infections. Blood Tests: These are conducted to assess the patient's overall health and ensure that they are fit for surgery.

Anaesthesia and Post-Operative Care

Before undergoing surgery, patients are administered general or regional anaesthesia to ensure that they do not experience any discomfort or pain during the procedure. The anaesthesia can either be inhaled through a mask or administered intravenously. Once the surgery is completed, appropriate post-operative care is provided to aid in the healing process.

Post-operative care may involve several activities, such as wound care, pain management, physical therapy, and rehabilitation exercises. Regular follow-up checkups are crucial to monitor the patient's progress and address any post-operative complications or concerns. Continuous care and follow-up are essential to ensure the best outcomes for the child.

Conclusion

Paediatric orthopaedic surgeries are complex and require specialized knowledge and skills. From correcting bowed legs and scoliosis to managing sports-related injuries and cerebral palsy surgeries, orthopaedic surgeons play a vital role in ensuring the health and well-being of children. Proper diagnosis, surgical techniques, and post-operative care are essential for successful outcomes. If you or your child is experiencing musculoskeletal concerns, it is important to consult a reliable hospital or paediatrician who specializes in orthopaedic care.