Deep Cleaning: A Comprehensive Guide from Dentist to Hygienist

Deep cleaning is a critical procedure in the treatment of periodontal disease and gum disease. This article delves into the process, tools used, and the detailed steps undertaken by a dentist and dental hygienist to ensure the health of your gums and teeth.

Introduction to Deep Cleaning

Deep cleaning, also known as scaling and root planing, is a specialized dental technique designed to treat periodontal disease and gum disease effectively. This treatment enhances gum health and reduces the risk of further dental issues.

The Procedure

Before the deep cleaning process, the dentist begins by conducting a thorough diagnosis of the entire mouth and teeth. This involves precise pocket measurements to determine the depth of gum sulcus in millimeters and the presence of calculus or bleeding along the roots of the teeth. Once the assessment is complete, the deep cleaning process is divided into two main stages: gum or periodontal scaling and root planing.

Gum or Periodontal Scaling

The first stage of deep cleaning involves the use of dental scaling. This process can be performed using electric or ultrasonic instruments or hand dental scaling tools. Periodontal curettes, specialized sharp instruments, are employed to scrape away tartar and calculus deposits that have accumulated under the gumline. These curettes are selected based on the depth and location of the pockets. They are meticulously extended down to the area where the gum is firmly attached to the tooth, eliminating the source of inflammation and chronic infection caused by bacterial deposition.

Root Planing

The second stage, root planing, involves the smoothing of the root surfaces. This step ensures that the root is free of plaque and tartar, reducing inflammation and promoting gum healing. Special instruments are used to achieve this meticulous cleaning.

The Role of a Dental Hygienist

As a dental hygienist, the process begins with a thorough examination of the patient to determine their comfort levels. Depending on the patient's sensitivity, an appropriate anesthetic may be administered to ensure their comfort. Typically, however, many patients do not require extensive numbing.

The hygienist then initiates the deep cleaning using a Cavitron, a machine that effectively breaks up tartar buildup and flushes out bacteria around the teeth and under the gums. Following this, hand scalers are used to further smooth down any remaining tartar on the teeth and root surfaces, ensuring thorough and precise cleaning.

Once the cleaning process is complete, the hygienist polishes and flosses the teeth and applies fluoride to protect them from further decay. If necessary, deep pockets (5mm or more) that are bleeding may be treated with antibiotics directly inserted into the pockets to promote healing.

In the final step, the hygienist reviews and instructs the patient on proper tooth brushing and flossing techniques, emphasizing the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene practices to prevent future dental issues.

Conclusion

Deep cleaning is a multi-faceted process that requires the expertise of both dentists and dental hygienists. By understanding the detailed steps and tools involved, patients can better appreciate the importance of this procedure in maintaining dental health and preventing the progression of gum disease.