Deviated Septum and Nasal Polyps: A Common Culprit for Swallowing Problems and Choking

Do you experience coughing or choking occasionally, especially when eating or drinking? Bits of food, liquid, or saliva not passing easily during swallowing and being sucked into the lungs can be more than just an annoying issue; it can be a sign of a more serious medical condition, such as a deviated septum or nasal polyps. In this article, we will explore the connection between these conditions and the problems they can cause with swallowing, as well as the evaluation and treatment options available.

Understanding Deviated Septum and Nasal Polyps

A deviated septum is a condition where the cartilage that separates the nasal passages is off-center or deformed, often causing narrowing of one or both nasal passages. This can lead to breathing difficulties, particularly during nasal breathing.

Nasal polyps, on the other hand, are soft, non-cancerous growths that develop inside the nasal passages or sinuses. These polyps can vary in size and are often related to chronic inflammation. Both conditions can significantly impact the functionality of the nasal passages and, consequently, the process of swallowing.

Swallowing and Nasal Passages

When we swallow, there is a complex series of coordinated actions that occur in the digestive tract. However, for this process to function correctly, the nasal passages must be clear and open. The valves and structures in the nasal passages help guide air and food to the correct passageways. When there are obstructions caused by a deviated septum or nasal polyps, these structures can be impeded, leading to swallowing problems and the risk of choking.

Common Symptoms of Swallowing Problems and Choking

Coughing or choking during or after eating or drinking Hoarseness Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) Feeling that food is stuck in the throat Recurrent pneumonia or lung infections

When bits of food, liquid, or saliva are not swallowed properly, they can travel into the airway, potentially entering the lungs and causing coughing or choking. Over time, persistent incidents of choking or food/mucus aspiration can lead to more severe complications such as respiratory issues and infections.

Evaluation and Diagnosis

Diagnosing a deviated septum or nasal polyps can be done through a combination of physical examination and diagnostic tests. Your doctor may:

Perform a physical examination of the nose and throat Examine x-rays, CT scans, or MRI images of the nasal passages Administer an endoscopy, where a flexible tube with a camera is used to examine the inside of the nose and throat

For swallowing problems, your healthcare provider may also conduct a swallowing test, called a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), where an x-ray video is taken while you eat or sip liquids containing a contrast substance. This procedure helps to evaluate the safety and efficiency of your swallowing process.

Treatment Options

Treatment for swallowing problems and the underlying conditions can vary, depending on the severity and nature of the condition. Treatment options include:

Deviated Septum Treatment

Surgical Intervention: In severe cases, surgical correction (septoplasty) can correct the deviated septum and restore proper airflow and nasal passage function. Medications: If allergies or chronic inflammation are contributing to the deviated septum, prescription nasal sprays or decongestants may be recommended.

Nasal Polyps Treatment

Steroid Nasal Sprays: Often the first line of treatment for inflammatory polyps, steroids help reduce inflammation and shrink the polyps. Surgery: In cases where polyps do not respond to medical treatment, an endoscopic procedure can be performed to remove the polyps.

Swallowing Therapy

If swallowing problems persist despite treatment of the underlying condition, a speech and language therapist can work with you to develop swallowing strategies and techniques, including:

Modifying Food and Liquid Texture: Thicker liquids and softer foods may be easier to swallow and can help prevent choking. Effective Postural Techniques: Learning to sit upright and tilt your head forward can help improve the alignment of the swallow and reduce the risk of aspiration.

Conclusion

Swallowing problems and choking due to a deviated septum or nasal polyps are more than just embarrassing; they can impact your quality of life and lead to serious complications. Proper evaluation, diagnosis, and targeted treatment can significantly improve your ability to swallow safely and enjoy your meals without worry.

If you are experiencing symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare provider. With the right care, you can manage these conditions and live a more comfortable, symptom-free life.