Do All Purebred Dogs Suffer from Genetic Problems Due to Inbreeding?

While it is true that not all purebred dogs suffer from genetic problems, many of them do. Most of these issues arise from inbreeding and limited gene pools within certain breeds, leading to a higher incidence of specific genetic disorders. Some breeds are more prone to specific genetic disorders while others may remain relatively healthy if bred responsibly. The key is to select reputable breeders who prioritize genetic health and perform health screenings.

Why Inbreeding Leads to Genetic Problems

The main reason why purebred dogs often suffer from genetic issues is inbreeding. When a breed is developed, breeding within a limited gene pool can concentrate certain traits, but it also increases the chances of inheriting genetic disorders. For example, a particular breed might be more likely to develop hip dysplasia, eye issues, or other health problems.

The Role of Fashion and Greed

Both fashion and greed have played significant roles in exacerbating these genetic issues. Breeders often prioritize aesthetic qualities, such as a dog's appearance, over its health and well-being. This has led to drastic physical changes in some breeds, like the German Shepherd, which now have a significant slope of the back and extremely angulated rear legs. Similarly, bulldogs have become so brachycephalic that they struggle to breathe, and their hip deformities have rendered them unable to mate or give birth naturally.

A Case Study: Doberman Pinschers

The Doberman Pinscher is a prime example of how excessive inbreeding and line-breeding for specific physical traits can result in significant health issues. The doleful drop-dead at a young age from Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a prime example. This condition is often accompanied by higher incidences of cancers, especially osteosarcomas, and blood clotting disorders like von Willebrand's disease, a condition similar to hemophilia.

The transformation from a solid and muscular breed to one that is more "elegance" focused has raised concerns among many in the breed. While modern Dobermans are still powerful, they now often resemble deer in terms of their sleek, long-necked appearance. The long-standing pressure to conform to specific beauty standards has led to severe health issues, with dogs suffering from a range of problems, from DCM to cancers and blood disorders.

Efforts to Improve Genetic Health

Many horrified breeders, fanciers, veterinarians, and researchers have been working hard to change breeding patterns and conduct extensive research into these diseases. For instance, Doberman owners often undergo genetic testing to identify if their dogs carry certain genes. They can then choose mates who are either clear or also carry recessive genes to reduce the risk. However, the problem remains that even if both parents carry recessive genes, there is still a 25% chance that their offspring will inherit both recessive genes and be affected.

The struggle to get all breeders to change their habits continues, and kennel clubs like the AKC have not yet made health testing and clear health test results mandatory. This is a significant barrier to improving the health of purebred dogs. Some people argue that till such mandatory health checks are implemented, the genetic problems will persist.

Understanding Breeding Lines and Preferences

It is important to recognize that some working lines of purebred dogs remain healthier due to selective breeding for specific traits. For instance, working Labradors are often built slightly lankier and more agile than the standard Lab. Hunters and ranchers often breed their dogs not for appearance but for functionality, aiming for dogs that can perform their duties effectively. Similarly, guide or service dogs are also bred for a specific purpose, often resulting in healthier dogs that can succeed in their roles.

While purebred dogs face more genetic problems due to inbreeding, there are still breeds that remain robust and healthy. However, it is crucial for potential owners to do their research and inquire about the health history of the breeder and the dogs they are considering. Responsibly breeding purebred dogs can significantly reduce the risk of genetic issues, ensuring that our beloved pets remain healthy and happy for many years to come.