How Did We Treat Cancer Before 1900? The History and Lack of Understanding

Introduction to Cancer Through the Ages

Cancer, a disease that has pained and protected mankind for millennia, has been an enigma for cultures across the globe for thousands of years. The term “krebs”, meaning crabs in German, dates back to ancient times, reflecting the belief that cancer felt like crabs invading the body. This early understanding of the disease was akin to modern concepts of infectious diseases, which were prevalent in ancient times. Yet, the real understanding of cancer and its origins only began to develop hundreds of millions of years after multicellular organisms emerged.

Diagnostic Challenges of Ancient Times

Limited Diagnostic Tools: In the days before laboratory tests and x-rays, the diagnosis of cancers that were not externally visible or could not be felt beneath the skin was extremely difficult. For instance, lung cancer could be mistaken for tuberculosis based solely on symptoms. The diagnostic limitations of this era meant that many cancers were only identified in more advanced stages, when the disease had already taken hold.

Impact of Infectious Diseases: Many people were struck down by infectious diseases before they had the opportunity to develop the cancers associated with old age. Those who did develop cancer often succumbed to infections before the cancer itself could take its toll. This interplay between infectious diseases and cancer made it challenging to isolate the symptoms of cancer, leading to many misdiagnoses and fatalities.

Treatment Methods of the Past

Ineffective Treatments: The treatments for cancer in the past were not only ineffective but often more harmful than the disease itself. Cancers that ate through the skin might be cauterized using harsh methods, a practice that could lead to severe infection and additional pain. Meanwhile, surgical interventions were attempted, though they often involved little more than primitive techniques. Healthcare during this period focused predominantly on palliative care, aiming to relieve suffering rather than cure the disease.

Limbs and Living: In severe cases, amputation of diseased limbs was sometimes the only recourse. This practice, while brutal and often ending in death due to infection, was the most effective means of halting the spread of cancerous growths. However, it was a last-ditch effort, reserved for the most dire of circumstances.

Relief and Comfort Measures

Pain and Suffering: Despite the lack of effective treatments, caregivers and physicians focused on providing comfort and alleviating pain. This approach was not just about easing the patient's journey but also about respecting the dignity of those suffering from a disease that was often untreatable.

Natural Remedies: Some ancient cultures turned to natural remedies, such as herbal treatments or prayer, which offered a sense of hope and connection to something greater. However, these methods were often speculative and could be more harmful than beneficial.

Conclusion and Evolution of Understanding

The history of cancer treatment before the 1900s is a somber lesson in the limitations of early medical knowledge. Our understanding and treatment methods have evolved significantly since then, but the journey to effective cancer treatments was fraught with setbacks and brutal realities. Today, we have advanced diagnostics, sophisticated treatments, and ongoing research that continues to push the boundaries of what is possible in cancer care. Understanding the past helps us appreciate the progress made and guides us towards a better future in the fight against cancer.

Citations:

"Early Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: A Historical Perspective" "The Evolution of Cancer Treatment: From the Ancient World to Modern Medicine" "Ancient Remedies and the Origins of Cancer Knowledge