How to Achieve Measles Immunity: Vaccination vs Natural Infection

Measles immunity can be achieved through two primary methods: natural immunity from a previous infection and vaccine-based immunity. Both approaches have their advantages and risks.

Understanding Measles Immunity

People can become immune to measles in two ways. Natural immunity occurs when an individual has previously contracted measles and developed the necessary antibodies to fight off future infections. Conversely, vaccine-based immunity is achieved by receiving the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, with two doses providing long-term protection for 97 out of every 100 people.

Effective Immunity through Vaccination

Vaccination is the most effective way to develop measles immunity without the serious risk of contracting the disease. The naive immune system, which has not encountered measles before, is not capable of mounting a strong enough defense. Consequently, unimmunized individuals are at a much higher risk of severe illness and potential long-term complications.

Historically, measles was an almost universal childhood illness before the development of the vaccine. Despite the illness often being mild, it could lead to serious complications, especially in young children. I can still remember the vivid experience of feeling extremely ill during my measles infection at age 5, with symptoms that were very uncomfortable. Fortunately, the immune system typically mounts a strong response to the disease, eradicating the measles virus within a few weeks.

Understanding the Risks of Natural Infection

While natural immunity can provide protection, it comes at a significant cost to the individual's health, especially in cases where complications arise. Unvaccinated individuals who contract measles have a 90% chance of infection if exposed to the virus, and the risk can persist for up to 2 hours after an infected person has passed through a room.

Interestingly, there are instances where natural genetic immunity exists. Some individuals may possess genetic factors that protect against certain diseases, much like the case with the black plague. During the medieval period, the black plague wiped out millions, but one group of people had a particular genetic makeup that prevented the bacteria from entering their cells. The descendants of these individuals today may have a genetic protection against not just the black plague but also other diseases, though such cases are rare.

Conclusion

In conclusion, achieving measles immunity through vaccination is a far more reliable method than relying on natural infection. While natural immunity can provide protection, it carries the risk of severe illness and potential complications. Vaccination, on the other hand, offers a safe and effective way to develop long-term immunity, ensuring protection against measles without the need to experience the disease firsthand.