How to Stay Warm in Winter: Expert Advice from a Former Ice Climber

As a former ice climber and ski patroller, I have a deep understanding of winter survival. My advice is derived from years of experience living and working in frigid environments. Whether you are planning a winter adventure or simply looking to stay warm at home, this guide will provide you with essential tips to keep you comfortable and safe during the colder months.

Layering for Warmth: The Key to Survival

Layers are your best friend in winter. My top recommendation is to wear silk as the base layer next to your skin, followed by merino wool leggings and a long-sleeved merino shirt. While synthetic poly fleece is an option, it is inferior to the warmth and comfort provided by merino wool. For added protection, a second layer of fleece should be paired with Gore-Tex fabric, ensuring you stay dry and comfortable even when you sweat.

Protecting Your Head and Hands

Your head and hands are especially vulnerable to the cold. Always wear a hat and mittens, not gloves, as mittens provide superior warmth by keeping your fingers close together. If you must have exposed fingers for manual tasks, wear silk glove liners or wool fingerless gloves under your mittens. Mittens should be waterproof, not made of acrylic or cotton. Cotton is a no-go, as it quickly loses warmth once it gets wet. Jeans are also unsuitable for winter wear due to their breathability and susceptibility to chills.

Outerwear for the Farthest Ends

For outerwear, insulated bib pants and a good insulated coat are essential. Look for a true insulated coat that extends past your waist, complete with a drawstring to prevent wind chill and a myriad of zipped pockets for storage. A full balaclava-style hat with possible nose coverage is ideal, especially in very cold conditions. Under the balaclava, another silk balaclava can provide an extra layer of warmth. If sub-zero temperatures and wind are expected, wear eye protection to ensure your eyes stay warm and protected.

An oilcloth duster coat, such as the one I bought from Outback Outfitters, is an excellent choice as the final layer. It goes well past your knees and has a smooth, close-weave surface that repels snow. This is crucial for maintaining body heat in harsh winter conditions.

Staying Warm from Within

Don't forget about your internal heat sources. Granola bars, energy bars, jerky, nuts, cheese sticks, and other high-protein, fat-rich snacks provide the fuel your body needs to maintain its internal furnace. A thermos of hot chocolate, broth, or milk with honey is also a great way to keep warm. I advise against coffee or tea due to their diuretic effects, which can lead to frequent trips to the bathroom in cold temperatures, causing discomfort and potential health risks.

Foot Warmth and Boot Care

Your feet are at the end of the line when it comes to warmth, but proper boots are essential. Choose boots with a sturdy, waterproof outer layer and a removable liner, such as Kamiks. Liners that cannot be removed can become soggy and uncomfortable. If you are walking in snow, pace yourself to avoid overexertion and the risk of getting chilled. Snowshoes can help you maintain a more even pace, reducing the risk of overheating and subsequent chills.

Essential Accessories and Equipment

Cell phone batteries are particularly vulnerable to the cold. Keep your cell phone close and warm to ensure its functionality. This is especially important when you need to call for help or use navigation tools. Be prepared for unexpected situations and always have a stand-to-pee device if you need to urinate outdoors.

A Word on Winter Extremes

The coldest weather I have experienced was a polar vortex in February, where temperatures reached -50F with 50 mph winds. Coping with such extreme conditions requires extra caution and preparedness. Even if the temperature is just below freezing, it is still crucial to dress appropriately. The chore of adjusting to different weather conditions is part of surviving the winter.

Final Thoughts

Your survival and comfort in the winter depend on proper preparation and layering. By prioritizing warmth, hydration, and nutrition, you can enjoy your outdoor activities without the fear of frostbite or hypothermia. Listen to the advice of those with extensive experience, and stay safe and warm!