Monkeypox in Nigeria: A Decade-Long Journey Through Outbreaks

Monkeypox has been a recurring and intriguing presence in Nigeria, spanning more than five decades. This article delves into the history of monkeypox, from its initial discovery in 1971 to the ongoing tracking of sporadic outbreaks.

Early Cases and Initial Outbreaks (1971-1979)

The first recorded human case of monkeypox in Nigeria dates back to April 4, 1971, in a 4-year-old girl from Ihie-Imuduru village in Abia State. She exhibited symptoms of a febrile illness accompanied by generalized vesiculopustular skin lesions, indicating a viral infection. Her mother, who later developed similar symptoms, marked the first suspected human-to-human transmission of monkeypox. Both individuals were unvaccinated against smallpox, a common practice at the time. Extensive contact tracing involving over 300 individuals did not reveal any further cases during this period.

The next confirmed case occurred in November 1978, involving a 35-year-old herbalist from Omifounfoun village in Oyo State. This case also exhibited similar symptoms to the earlier case. The source of his infection remained unknown, and no secondary cases were detected following his diagnosis. These early cases and their clinical presentations set the stage for the recurring nature of monkeypox in the region over the following decades.

The Renewed Interest in Monkeypox (2000s)

Fast-forward to the 2000s, and monkeypox made a resurgence in Nigeria, popping up like an overenthusiastic child at a talent show, making headlines in a few Nigerian states. The renewed interest in this viral disease was evident as it began to re-emerge with sporadic outbreaks. These outbreaks highlighted the recurring nature of monkeypox in Nigeria, making it a recurring guest in the region, much to the ongoing surveillance and containment efforts of health authorities.

It is essential to note that these early and subsequent cases were instrumental in understanding the spread and transmission patterns of monkeypox within Nigeria, thereby guiding the development of appropriate public health measures. This historical context provides valuable insights for ongoing research and response strategies to control and prevent further outbreaks.

Conclusion

The history of monkeypox in Nigeria serves as a chronicle of viral resurgence and public health challenges. From the initial discovery in 1971 to the ongoing tracking of sporadic outbreaks, monkeypox has remained a significant public health issue in the region. Understanding the historical context is crucial for effective management and prevention strategies in the future.