Optimal Distance for Therapist and Client in Counseling or Psychotherapy Sessions

There is no one-size-fits-all answer to the question of how far a therapist should sit from their client during counseling or psychotherapy sessions. The distance between a therapist and their client is a highly personal and complex interaction that depends on various factors such as familiarity, trust, and the chosen therapeutic modality. This article explores these factors and offers practical advice on determining the optimal distance for a productive and comfortable therapeutic environment.

Factors Influencing Therapist-Client Distance

The distance between a therapist and their client can vary widely based on several key factors:

1. Familiarity and Trust

Patients who are already familiar with their therapist may feel more comfortable sitting closer. A sense of trust is also essential. For newer clients or those dealing with deeper issues, a more physically distant relationship may be beneficial, even if it feels slightly uncomfortable.

2. Therapeutic Modality

The type of therapy can also influence the distance. Some modalities, such as play therapy, Brainspotting, or EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), call for close proximity. For these modalities, physical closeness is part of the therapeutic process. Conversely, more traditional talk therapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy may benefit from a slightly more distant physical space.

Virtual therapy adds another layer of complexity. While it's challenging to replicate physical closeness in a virtual setting, therapists can use technological tools to simulate a closer relationship.

Determining the Optimal Distance

The ideal distance is one that both therapist and client find mutually comfortable. Here are some guidelines:

1. Virtual Sessions

For virtual therapy, the space between the therapist and client is more about how the session is conducted rather than physical distance. Eye contact, facial expressions, and body language play crucial roles in maintaining engagement and connection.

Therapists and clients can test different distances to find what works best. Some therapists might choose to sit close on camera but maintain a comfortable personal space on the screen. This can help clients feel more connected while maintaining a professional distance.

2. In-Person Sessions

For in-person sessions, a distance of 1 to 1.5 meters (about 3 to 5 feet) is common. Chairs are often placed this far apart to facilitate communication and allow for natural body language. However, this distance can be adjusted based on the client's comfort level and the therapeutic needs of the session.

Sit closer if the client feels disconnected or show more space if the client is expressing deep emotions or vulnerability. The goal is to create a safe and comfortable space for the client to share their thoughts and feelings without feeling overwhelmed.

Considerations for Specific Situations

There are several scenarios that may require varying distances:

1. Conflict Situations

In cases where there is conflict or tension, it may be beneficial to allow more physical space. This can help both parties feel more comfortable and less defensive.

2. Early Sessions

During early sessions, it's often recommended to start with a slightly more distant physical space. This helps the client feel safe and secure, building a foundation of trust before moving closer.

3. Physical Dexterity and Comfort

Some clients may have physical limitations or prefer a more comfortable distance due to personal preferences or concerns. It's essential to respect and accommodate these needs while maintaining the therapeutic alliance.

Safety and Comfort

While the distance between the therapist and client can impact their connection, it's important to consider overall safety and comfort. Physical distance alone does not guarantee safety in therapy. The way a client enters and exits the therapy office can also affect their sense of security.

A 2-meter (about 6.5 feet) distance is generally acceptable, with a tolerance for up to 10-20cm of variation. If a distance of 2 meters or more feels necessary, it's important to ensure it doesn't impede communication or create discomfort.

If a therapist has concerns about maintaining a certain distance, they may need to address these issues in their own therapy.

Conclusion

The optimal distance for a therapist and client during counseling or psychotherapy sessions is a dynamic and individual process. It depends on factors such as familiarity, trust, therapeutic modality, and specific circumstances. The key is to find a balance that promotes comfort, connection, and safety for both parties.

Ultimately, the relationship between the therapist and client is about creating a safe and supportive environment where the client can share their thoughts and emotions freely. Whether sitting close or maintaining a slight distance, the focus should be on fostering an atmosphere of trust and openness.

References:

Well-managing interpersonal boundaries in therapy EMDR Resource Center Brainspotting Information and Resources

Play Therapy

Play therapy often involves closer physical proximity to facilitate the client's emotional expression and exploration of experiences through play. The therapist may sit close to the child, offering guidance and support while allowing the child to lead.

Brainspotting

Brainspotting is a form of therapy that involves eye movements to locate and process emotional pain and trauma. This modality often requires the therapist to sit close to the client, establishing a sense of closeness and trust.

EMDR

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) also benefits from close proximity. The therapist may sit close to the client to provide guidance and support during the eye movement exercises.