Psychological Challenges Faced by ASDers and ADHDers: A Complex Discussion on Causes and Influences

Achieving success in life, relationships, and societal interactions is often severely impaired for those with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The psychological challenges they face are multifaceted and can be attributed to a combination of their individual neurodivergent traits, societal pressures, and life experiences.

The Role of Neurodivergence

Research into the neurological underpinnings of ASD and ADHD reveals several factors that contribute to the emotional difficulties faced by individuals with these conditions. For example, the amygdala, a key area involved in processing emotions, exhibits both altered size and increased activity in individuals with ASD. This combination can lead to intense emotional responses to situations that seem ordinary to others. In ADHD, the lack of a clear amygdala abnormality suggests that the emotional challenges may vary and could arise from other factors.

In addition to the neurological traits, individuals with ASD and ADHD also face a pattern of all-or-nothing thinking, where they interpret situations in black-and-white terms. This can result in extreme emotional responses to minor incidents, leading to heightened stress and anxiety. These characteristics, combined with the societal expectations and norms, can create a perfect storm of internal and external pressures.

The Influence of Society and Personal Traumas

Society often fails to fully comprehend and accommodate the unique experiences of neurodivergent individuals, leading to a cycle of rejection and ostracization. From a young age, children with ASD and ADHD are often subjected to social exclusion and bullying, which in turn can lead to complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD).

Kat Glover, in her poignant reflection about her journey, emphasizes the profound societal impact on neurodivergent individuals. She describes the consistent rejection and the acceptance of her neurodivergence only after an internal discovery, highlighting the tremendous emotional burden caused by the lack of understanding and support.

The societal pressures are often unconsciously inflicted through the structures and norms of educational and social systems. These systems often prioritize conformity and mass indoctrination, disregarding the individual needs of neurodivergent individuals. The lack of acknowledgment and support from these systems can exacerbate the sense of isolation and trauma experienced by individuals with ASD and ADHD.

Internalization of Responsibility and Shame

Another significant challenge faced by individuals with ASD and ADHD is the internalization of blame and responsibility for the difficulties they experience. They often feel a deep sense of shame and guilt for perceived mistakes, leading to a cycle of trauma and emotional distress. This is compounded by the "stuckness" felt by many individuals, where they struggle to reconcile societal expectations with their own capabilities, further intensifying their emotional turmoil.

For ASDers, the societal expectations of conformity often clash with their natural behaviors and communication styles, leading to frequent misunderstandings and misinterpretations. These challenges are not unique to ASD and ADHD, as any individual facing similar traumas and societal pressures would likely experience significant emotional distress. However, the unique experiences and traits of neurodivergent individuals make such challenges particularly pronounced.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the psychological challenges faced by individuals with ASD and ADHD are complex and multifaceted, stemming from both individual neurodivergent traits and societal pressures. The amygdala's altered function, all-or-nothing thinking, and the societal rejection experienced during developmental years contribute to heightened emotional responses and psychological trauma. Understanding and accommodating neurodivergent individuals can significantly alleviate the emotional burden and help foster a more inclusive and supportive environment.

Keywords: Autism, ADHD, Psychological Trauma, Neurodivergence, Societal Pressures