Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Cats: Challenges and Treatments

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a type of skin cancer that can affect both people and cats. While SCC can often be curable in humans, particularly when caught early, treating it in cats presents unique challenges that can impact the success of treatment. In this article, we will explore why SCC might be cured in people but not always in cats, focusing on the specific obstacles and potential treatments available for feline SCC.

Challenges in Treating Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Cats

The primary challenge in treating SCC in cats is the size limitations of their mouths. Due to the small size of a cat's mouth, there is limited room for surgical intervention, making it one of the most viable treatment options in many cases. However, by the time the cancer is noticed, it might have progressed to a point where surgery is no longer sufficient, often requiring more aggressive treatments like chemotherapy or radiation.

Moreover, owners often fail to recognize the early signs of SCC. For example, a small, crusted area on the ear that bleeds and doesn’t heal could indicate SCC. However, by the time the owner notices these signs, the cancer may have become too large for effective surgical removal. Additionally, neglecting symptoms such as bad breath and weight loss, which could also be indicative of oral SCC, can delay treatment until the cancer is more advanced.

The Role of Early Detection and Diagnosis

Early detection is critical in the fight against SCC in both people and cats. If a person notices a suspicious area with good oral hygiene, they are likely to visit a dermatologist promptly. However, for cats, these early signs can be subtle and easily overlooked until the cancer has progressed. The owners may only suspect something is wrong when their cat is exhibiting messy eating or other symptoms, which are often too late for effective surgical intervention.

Successful Treatments for Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Cats

Despite these challenges, there are some successful treatments available for feline SCC, particularly when the cancer is detected early. One promising treatment is radiation therapy for nasal planum SCC. The nasal planum, or nosepad, is a small area that is easier to target with radiation, and the approach must be used early for best results.

While the treatment for oral SCC in cats is more complex due to the limited surgical options, veterinarians are continuously exploring new methods. For instance, they are considering the use of radiation therapy as a potential option for ear SCC, similar to the successful cases in nasal planum SCC.

Patient Survival and Prognosis

A personal anecdote helps to illustrate the challenges of treating SCC in cats. One cat, who had SCC under the tongue, was diagnosed and treated with chemotherapy to shrink the tumor, followed by surgery to remove the mass. To aid with eating, a feeding tube was also placed. Despite the aggressive treatment, the cat lived for a full year following the surgery. Unfortunately, the cancer did not recur, but the cat had to be euthanized due to unrelated medical issues.

Early detection and timely intervention are key to improving the prognosis for feline SCC. As research and treatment options evolve, the success rates for managing this condition are likely to improve. Pet owners should be vigilant in monitoring their cats for any unusual symptoms and seek veterinary care promptly if they suspect SCC or any other cancer.