The Astonishing Leech: 32 Brains and Wound Healing

Leeches, often misunderstood as mere bloodsuckers, possess a remarkable anatomy and an impressive list of medical applications. Known for their unique physiology, leeches contain 32 brains, each controlling a separate segment of their body, making them one of nature's most fascinating creatures.

Biology of Leeches

Biofactures, or inexact terms, leeches are invertebrates belonging to the phylum Annelida, specifically the subclass Hirudinea. These segmented worms are hermaphrodites, meaning they have both male and female reproductive organs. Unlike slugs, leeches are not bugs, reptiles, or insects. Some species have evolved to feed on specific prey, such as desert varieties that live in camels' noses or those that feed on bats, hamsters, and frogs.

The 32 Brains: A Unique Feature

The term '32 brains' refers to the remarkable segmentation of leeches. Each of their 32 segments has its own brain, allowing the leech to navigate and function with a high degree of autonomy. This feature is not only fascinating but also allows the leech to efficiently respond to different stimuli and environmental changes. The distribution of these brains along the body segments contributes to the leech's ability to survive and function in various environments.

Medical Applications: Leeches in Medicine

The use of leeches in medicine dates back thousands of years. In ancient times, they were used for blood-letting, a practice believed to relieve a variety of ailments. Today, leeches are used for their unique biological properties in wound healing and surgical procedures:

Local Anesthesia: Leeches inject a local anesthetic that temporarily numbs the area, making them nearly invisible during feeding.

Anticoagulation: The leeches secrete powerful anticoagulants that prevent clotting, allowing them to feed for up to 10 hours without causing blockages in reattached tissues.

Wound Care: The distinctive bite marks left by leeches can resemble a saw or a Mercedes-Benz logo. This bite not only aids in wound healing but also minimizes tissue damage, making it an effective alternative to surgical incisions.

Modern Surgical Techniques: Leeches are used in reconstructive surgery, particularly in reattaching small blood vessels, where their anticoagulant properties can determine the success of the surgical outcome.

The Breeding Process at Biopharm

Located in the UK, the only leech production business, Biopharm, breeds medicinal leeches, including Hirudo verbana and Hirudo medicinalis. The leech breeding process involves precise temperature control and a sensitive feeding regimen:

Environmental Control: Three large rooms at Biopharm are kept at different temperatures, ensuring optimal conditions for growth and development.

Feeding: Leeches are fed sheep's blood, which is served in a sausage casing every six months. This feeding schedule is crucial for their development and health.

Handling: The leeches are handled with care due to their delicate nature. Even a smartphone click can spook them, emphasizing the need for precise and gentle handling.

Conclusion

The leech, with its 32 brains and remarkable abilities, holds a significant place in both nature and medicine. Its unique physiology and medical applications continue to intrigue scientists and medical professionals, highlighting the ongoing importance of leeches in modern healthcare.