The Causes and Treatment of Flat Head in Babies

Baby skulls are quite malleable in the first few months of life, and prolonged periods of lying on their backs can lead to the back of the head becoming flat. This condition, known medically as positional plagiocephaly, is a condition where the head shape is altered due to repeated positioning. Here, we explore the causes, recognition, and treatment of this common issue in newborns and young babies.

1. Understanding Positional Plagiocephaly

Babies spend a significant portion of their early life lying on their backs, whether in cribs or strollers. This extended contact with a flat surface can cause one side of the skull to flatten. This problem is often exacerbated when the baby prefers to turn their head to one side for comfort, making that side even flatter. This issue is particularly common in the 2000s, as formula feeding became more prevalent, leading to less breastfeeding and accordingly less movement of the baby's head during feeding.

Some historical practices, such as certain native tribes applying pressure to the head to elongate the skull, suggest that the human skull is indeed capable of being reshaped early in life. However, these practices are generally considered unethical today.

2. Prevention and Treatment

To prevent or mitigate the development of a flat head in babies, it is essential to ensure that the baby is positioned frequently during the day. Wearing your baby around the house and giving them tummy time can help. Here are some tips:

Tummy Time: Place your baby on their stomach for short periods when they are awake and supervised. This helps reduce the time they spend on their back and also promotes cognitive and motor development. Change Positions: When placing the baby down to sleep, alternate their head position in the crib. Avoid letting the baby always lie with their head in the same position. Encourage Movement: During feeding, switch between different positions for the baby to encourage movement and prevent the head from always being in the same position. Supervised Carrying: While carrying the baby, alternate the sides where they are facing, encouraging movement of the head.

3. Medical Treatment Options

For babies whose skulls have become significantly flattened, medical intervention may be necessary. If these non-invasive methods are not effective, a healthcare professional may recommend specific treatments such as:

Orthotic Devices: These are custom-made helmets that mold the head over time, typically worn for several months. They are designed to gradually reshape the skull as the baby grows. Physical Therapy: In some cases, exercises and techniques can be used to strengthen neck muscles and encourage movement, further promoting an even head shape.

Note: It is crucial to consult a healthcare provider before starting any treatment, as severe cases may require medical interventions to prevent complications.

Conclusion

The flattening of a baby's head, known as positional plagiocephaly, is a common but easily manageable condition. By following preventive measures such as regular head position changes, tummy time, and supervised carrying, parents can significantly reduce the risk of this issue. For more severe cases, medical interventions such as orthotic devices or physical therapy can be effective.