The Myth of Amphetamine Use by German Soldiers during WWII and its Impact on Military Success

Amphetamines, or drugs similar to it, have long been considered a factor in the success of German military forces during World War II. However, the reality is far more complex than commonly believed. The widespread myth that amphetamines played a significant role in the German military’s success has been debunked by numerous historical analyses and military studies. This article examines the myth, provides the actual evidence, and highlights the true reasons behind Germany's initial military success.

The Myth: Amphetamines and German Military Success

Some have suggested that the use of amphetamines, particularly Pervitin (a German version of methamphetamine), played a crucial role in the military success of the Germanic armies during World War II. This idea is based on various accounts, including the popular film The Dambusters, where an aircrew is seen taking Pervitin to stay awake during a mission. However, this is a myth that has been misconstrued and exaggerated over the years.

The Reality: The True Factors Behind Initial Success

While it is true that some German soldiers and pilots did use amphetamines, the overarching success of the German military cannot be attributed to this single factor. Instead, numerous historical and strategic elements contributed to their initial success:

Good Training: The German military was well-trained, with a rigorous and thorough training regimen that prepared its soldiers for combat effectively. Superior Equipment: At the start of the war, the German military possessed state-of-the-art weaponry and equipment that provided a significant tactical advantage. Skilled Commanders: Germany featured a cadre of skilled and experienced military leaders who were adept at managing their troops and implementing innovative strategies. High Morale: German soldiers were highly motivated and possessed a strong sense of national pride and duty, which contributed to their tenacity and perseverance. Weaker Opponents: Early in the war, Germany faced relatively weak opponents, particularly in the opening stages of the conflict, which allowed for rapid territorial gains.

The Myth of Pervitin: Vast Overhyped Usage

Claims that Pervitin was widely used by German soldiers have been oversimplified. According to historical records, the German military purchased approximately 200 million pills over a period of 3.5 years, which translates to only about four and a half pills per soldier per year. This number pales in comparison to the expectations and fears surrounding widespread amphetamine usage.

Historical sources, such as the article from Time magazine, highlight the initial caution and then eventual widespread use of Pervitin in the German military. In late 1939 and early 1940, the "Reich Health Führer," Leo Conti, and others sounded the alarm about the risks of Pervitin. However, these warnings were largely ignored, and the drug was dispensed in large quantities, particularly to pilots and tank crews under the guise of 'flyer’s chocolate' and 'tanker’s chocolate'.

The Impact of Pervitin: Overstated Side Effects

While it is true that Pervitin did contribute to the ability of some soldiers to remain awake for longer periods, the long-term effects and overall impact of this drug on the German military have been overstated. Extensive research has shown that amphetamines, including Pervitin, have numerous negative side effects, such as longer resting times after peak usage, bad behavior, and addiction. These factors ultimately detracted from the effectiveness and efficiency of the German military.

Moreover, the perception that Pervitin allowed soldiers to function optimally for over 50 hours is a fabricated claim. Studies have shown that the maximum functional duration of amphetamines is much shorter, and the cognitive and physical impairments associated with long-term use can be significant.

Further evidence supports the myth-busting claims. While some German soldiers may have become addicted to amphetamines, this addiction often rendered them ineffective combatants. Notable individuals such as Adolf Hitler and Hermann G?ring were known to be heavy users of drugs, including Pervitin, which ultimately led to their physical and mental impairments.

Conclusion: The Real Reasons for German Military Success

While the myth of amphetamine use in the German military during World War II has persisted, the reality is far more nuanced. The initial success of the German military can be attributed to a combination of well-trained and equipped soldiers, skilled leadership, high morale, and the opportunities presented by weaker opponents. Amphetamines played a minor role, if any, in contributing to the military's success.

Understanding the true factors behind German military success is crucial for a more accurate portrayal of the historical events. This helps in forming a clearer and more accurate understanding of the complex and multifaceted nature of war and its strategies.