The Prevalence of Sensory Processing Issues in People with Autism

I and two of my four children are autistic. A few years ago, my youngest daughter was diagnosed autistic, and we had driven to the mall to do some Christmas shopping. Usually we try to avoid crowds as that can be very triggering, but it was two weeks to Christmas and both of us had been working hard at our respective jobs. Sometimes you just have to do it when you can.

While we were there, a fire alarm went off, producing an absolutely ear-splitting klaxon. It turned out to be a false alarm, but we didn't know that at the time. Along with the rest of the crowd, we got up and headed for the exit. My daughter and I both had our hands covering our ears. Once we got outside and away from the awful noise, my daughter commented, 'Did you see in that huge crowd, there were about seven other people all covering their ears. I bet they were autistic as well.'

Based on this experience, we tend to have sensory issues. Sensory processing issues are not something you outgrow. You just cover your ears and soldier on.

Understanding Sensory Processing Issues in Autism

According to Dr. Kanner, in his 1965 paper he referenced Charles Bradley's work in 1941, who noted that it is an 'extreme form of schizoid' rather than schizophrenia per se that does not show the usual deterioration into psychosis as seen in schizophrenia. This distinction is based on behaviors that may be likened to parasomnia, such as rhythmic movement disorder, as described by Kanner in several children in his seminal paper.

Kanner also noted that this subtype is not associated with sensitivities, special interests, or separation anxiety, in line with what he wrote in 1965. He referenced Rimland and Goldberg and Dorsen's annotated bibliography in his 1965 paper, discussing Childhood Autism and the Schizophrenias. At that time, the concept of schizophrenia was based on Bleuler's work, distinguishing it from Kraepelin's Dementia Praecox. Autism, or what was referred to as 'childhood schizophrenia,' doesn't display a deteriorating course and should be distinguished from adult schizophrenia, which some think it is generically related to.

Consider Bradley's comments on childhood schizophrenia:

The schizoid type of child is by no means uncommon, but the great majority of these never become psychotic. Nonetheless, some observers will refer to the more extreme examples of this group as schizophrenic while others reserve this term for those exhibiting a definite and pronounced psychosis. Dr. Bradley, who has had an excellent opportunity for observing abnormal children in the Emma Pendleton Bradley Home for difficult children, recognizes this and seeks a more exact definition of juvenile schizophrenia. He describes it as…

Impact of Sensory Processing Issues on Daily Life

Sensory processing issues in autism can significantly impact daily life. They can lead to challenges in social interactions, academic performance, and personal hygiene. Intense or unmoderated sensory stimuli can cause significant distress and discomfort. For example, certain sounds, textures, light, and smells can trigger strong reactions in autistic individuals.

Common sensory processing issues include hypersensitivity (overresponsiveness) and hyposensitivity (underresponsiveness). Hypersensitivity involves overreaction to sensory inputs, while hyposensitivity involves low sensitivity to certain stimuli. These issues can affect multiple senses, including sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.

Strategies and Support for Managing Sensory Processing Issues

Managing sensory processing issues is crucial for improving quality of life. Here are some strategies and supports that can help:

1. Sensory Diet

A sensory diet is a planned, structured approach that provides consistent, comfortable sensory experiences to help individuals achieve regulated sensory states. It includes activities and interventions designed to meet sensory needs, such as listening to calming music, engaging in deep pressure activities, or using weighted blankets. A sensory diet can be tailored to individual needs and incorporated into daily routines.

2. Sensory Tools and Accessories

Various tools and accessories can be useful in managing sensory processing issues. These include noise-cancelling headphones, fidget toys, chewable necklaces, and occupational therapy tools. These items can provide a calming effect or help regulate sensory input.

3. Environmental Modifications

Modifying the environment can help reduce sensory triggers. This can include using blackout curtains, dimming lights, and using essential oils or scented wax to create a calm atmosphere. Creating a designated quiet room or sensory area can also be beneficial.

4. Professional Support

Working with healthcare professionals, such as occupational therapists and psychologists, can provide valuable support in managing sensory processing issues. These professionals can offer personalized interventions, therapies, and coping strategies.

5. Peer Support and Community

Engaging with other individuals with sensory processing issues can provide a sense of belonging and understanding. Support groups and online communities can offer valuable resources and connections.

Conclusion

Sensory processing issues are common among people with autism, and they can significantly impact daily life. While not every individual with autism will experience these issues, understanding and managing them is crucial for improving overall well-being. By utilizing strategies such as sensory diets, tools and accessories, environmental modifications, professional support, and peer support, individuals with autism can navigate the challenges associated with sensory processing issues and lead fulfilling lives.