The Rising Prevalence of Myopia: Understanding Its Causes and Consequences

Myopia, or nearsightedness, has become a significant health concern in recent years, with studies indicating that it is becoming more prevalent worldwide. This article explores the factors contributing to the rise of myopia, focusing on the impact of modern lifestyles and the ongoing pandemic.

Impact of the Pandemic and Lockdowns on Myopia Rates

Recent studies have shown that the pandemic and subsequent lockdowns have contributed to the increased prevalence of myopia. Due to the mandatory shift towards near work, such as using online apps, smartphones, gadgets, and PCs, people have spent more time engaging in activities that strain the eyes. Lack of outdoor activities and physical exercise has also played a key role in this trend. However, it is important to distinguish between true myopia and pseudomyopia. Pseudomyopia can often be corrected when individuals return to normal face-to-face activities and start looking at distant objects again.

Environmental Factors and Myopia Causes

The rise in myopia can be attributed to environmental factors, primarily the extensive near work done by individuals in modern times. Prolonged periods of near work, coupled with a lack of outdoor activities, are significant contributors to this condition. These factors have become particularly prevalent in highly developed countries with high levels of education, leading to a higher incidence of myopia among schoolchildren.

Link to Children's Height and Myopia

Interestingly, research has also shown a correlation between the increase in myopia and the increase in the height of modern children. The development of myopia during childhood, when the eyes are still growing, can lead to a higher prevalence in later life.

Global Prevalence and Future Projections

Myopia is prevalent in many parts of the world, with up to 80-90 percent of schoolchildren in developed countries experiencing nearsightedness. According to research, about 50 percent of the world's population is predicted to be myopic by 2050. Some key causes of myopia include:

Excessive near work leading to blurred vision at a distance (pseudo-myopia) Genetic factors: higher prevalence in identical versus fraternal twins Increased risk in children with myopic parents Axial length elongation: increasing the length of the eyeball

Risk Factors and Management Strategies

The prevalence of myopia is on the rise primarily due to increased near task activities and extended gadget usage. Ongoing research aims to find ways to slow down the progression of myopia. Some management strategies include:

Increasing outdoor activities to reduce screen time Regular eye examinations to monitor changes in vision Implementing preventive measures for children with a family history of myopia Using corrective lenses or other visual aids as prescribed by an ophthalmologist

By understanding the contributing factors to myopia and implementing preventive measures, we can help reduce the prevalence of this condition in the coming years.