Understanding the Safe Reuse of Medical Face Masks

The ongoing global health challenges have raised critical questions about the proper use and reuse of medical face masks, particularly in everyday settings where personal protective equipment (PPE) may be limited. This article aims to address common misconceptions and provide evidence-based guidance to ensure the safe and effective use of medical face masks in day-to-day life.

Common Reuse Practices and Their Efficacy

Individuals who frequently reuse their surgical masks often report reduced instances of common illnesses such as the flu or the common cold. However, the effectiveness and safety of reusing disposable masks, especially those marketed as 'disposable' and made by reputable manufacturers, vary significantly.

For surgical masks purchased from reputable companies like 3M, careful washing in Dawn Antibacterial soap and a capful of bleach can extend their usability, maintaining their effectiveness for multiple uses before they begin to fray and become too risky to use. In contrast, masks intended for single-use, such as those commonly bought at drug stores, are not designed to withstand repeated washes and sanitization processes without compromising their protective qualities.

Sanitizing Surgical Masks for Reuse

Sanitizing surgical masks for reuse is possible, albeit with some caveats. To inactivate viruses on the mask, placing it in a preheated oven between 135°F and 170°F for ten minutes can disable the virus. This method effectively kills the virus without significant loss of the mask's protective properties.

Official Guidelines for Medical Professionals

Medical professionals are strictly advised to use disposable surgical masks for a single shift, or until they become contaminated. For healthcare workers in specialized wards such as those dealing with confirmed cases of COVID-19, N95 respirators are recommended, and masks are discarded after each use. These guidelines prioritize the efficacy and safety of the masks for healthcare workers and patients alike.

The Limitations of Reusable Masks

For the general public, while it may be tempting to prolong the use of disposable masks, it is important to understand that masks are designed for single-use because they are effective for only a short period (typically 8 hours). This timing is based on the fact that the front of the mask can become contaminated over time, and it acts as a sieve, allowing micro-particles to bypass the protective layers.

Methods such as steam sterilization, gamma radiation, ozone treatment, or ultraviolet (UV) treatment are the gold standards for reusing masks in healthcare settings. However, these methods are not typically available to the general public and are reserved for medical professionals to ensure the highest levels of safety and efficacy.

Conclusion: Balancing Safety and Reuse

While the reuse of medical face masks may have some benefits, particularly in medical settings, it is crucial to adhere to official guidelines. For the health and safety of both wearers and the general public, it is advisable to use masks in the manner intended, unless proven and safe methods of sterilization are employed.

For those concerned about the availability of masks, consider stockpiling reusable options such as cloth masks, which can be effectively washed and reused multiple times. However, it is always best to consult with healthcare professionals for the most accurate and up-to-date advice tailored to your specific situation.