The Therapeutic Power of Music in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents unique challenges, both in verbal and non-verbal communication, and in responding to environmental stimuli. However, music therapy has emerged as a powerful tool in managing these challenges. I have observed its effectiveness in both my personal experience and in my professional capacity as an occupational therapist. Music, when used appropriately, can have profound effects on cognitive, emotional, and sensory functions.

Understanding the Impact of Music on the Nervous System

The nervous system plays a critical role in how we process and respond to information. Music can either slow down or speed up this flow of information. Slow music has a calming effect, prompting the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters. Conversely, spirited jazzy music can invigorate and energize, stimulating the release of excitatory neurotransmitters. This duality allows us to tailor music to different therapeutic needs.

When it comes to clients with ASD, standard music therapy goals often focus on addressing issues related to cognition, 'connectedness' (the opposite of 'autism'), self-esteem, and overall well-being. The primary goal is to help the brain develop the capacity to pattern and retain new sensory information.

Addressing Sensory and Physiological Issues

In autism, the first step is to address sensory and physiological issues. The auditory system is often the primary focus, as it can be particularly sensitive. Music therapy aims to identify what kind of music will help quiet the system, allowing for other therapeutic work to take place. Establishing certain physiologic 'comfort' levels is crucial. Music can relax the system from both physiological stressors and psycho-emotional stressors, opening the gates to cognitive centers.

By creating a consistent and enjoyable music environment through repeated sessions, we can build a sense of trust, making the process more effective. This approach allows us to explore sensory issues in a calm and controlled manner, fostering a positive and enriching experience for the client.

Developing Cognitive and Emotional Responses

The premise of music therapy treatment for sensory integration is that it can develop both cognitive and emotional functional adaptive responses at both the subcortical and cortical levels. The work of music therapy involves using music for enjoyment as well as applying it in ways that teach the "old" brain new tricks in a very non-threatening and non-intrusive manner.

A prime example is the use of multisensory activities, such as playing a standing drum with heavy weighted mallets. This task combines auditory processing, motor planning, visual verification, tactile sensations, and more. By engaging in such activities, the brain can 'forget' its limitations and begin to respond in an organized manner. This can lead to the establishment of new homeostatic reference points and adaptive future responses.

Conclusion

Music therapy has proven to be very effective when used judiciously with clients on the spectrum. The primary concern of music therapy for sensory integration is the well-being of the system. This approach not only calms children but also helps them become familiar with new environments. As an occupational therapist, I have seen firsthand the positive impact music can have on the development and learning of individuals with ASD.

By understanding and embracing the therapeutic power of music, we can enhance the quality of life for those on the autism spectrum, making their journey more manageable and meaningful.