Transformation in Islamic Cultures: From Progress to Conservatism

The history of Islamic cultures is a fascinating journey of progress to conservatism. From the prosperity of ancient regions like Egypt, Iran, and the Indian subcontinent to the current state of many countries under the Islamic flag, a significant transformation has occurred. This shift has been marked by changes in scientific and cultural practices, leading to a decline in innovation and advancement.

The Pre-Islamic Arab World

Before the spread of Islam, the Arab world was a hub of advanced science, medicine, and mathematics. The ancient cultures of Egypt, Iran, and the Indian subcontinent, including Pakistan, were at the forefront of modernity. However, with the advent of Islam, this progress was largely erased, leaving behind a more conservative culture. While modern Arab cities today owe their grandeur to petrodollars, many Muslim-majority countries like Pakistan, Malaysia, and Indonesia believe their success is due to their religious faith. This belief is misguided, as the real drivers of progress were the economic benefits derived from oil resources.

The Shift in the 12th Century

By the 12th century, science had progressed well in the Islamic world. However, as science began to challenge Islamic beliefs, reactionary measures were taken. Leading scholars, referred to as 'grubby old goats with beards,' were alarmed by this scientific advancement and ordered the burning of books, except for the Quran. This act of ignorance led to a backward state, making Islam as technologically and culturally less advanced as many African countries.

Biological and Cultural Factors

The decline in Islamic knowledge and practice was exacerbated by factors such as inbreeding and the practice of marrying cousins to keep wealth within the family. These actions led to a significant decline in average IQ to about 80, which classifies many Muslims as intellectually underdeveloped. This further hampered progress and development.

Theological Debates and Legal Reforms

Around 500 years ago, a significant theological event occurred that marked the end of Islamic intellectual progress. The issuing of edicts that prevented interpretation and the destruction of the Mutazilla movement, a group that believed the Quran could be understood through reason and logic, marked a turning point. The Hadith, which is considered authoritative by some, was integrated into Islamic law, further cementing a more conservative stance.

The Modern Question of Islamic Theology

The definitive question that defines modern Islam today is whether the Quran is created or uncreated. Followers of the Hadith claim it is uncreated and co-existent with God, while the Mutazilla argue that it is created. This theological stance has had profound implications for the direction of Islamic societies, leading to a less progressive and more conservative society.

The Future of Islamic Societies

While the current state of many Islamic societies may seem bleak, the future holds the potential for change. As industries and economies shift away from oil to technology and innovation, the grip of OPEC and related political pressures will diminish. This shift towards a more technologically driven future could revitalise Islamic societies and bring them into the modern world.

In conclusion, the transformation from a highly advanced and progressive Islamic culture to a more conservative one is a complex process rooted in historical, cultural, and theological factors. As Islamic societies continue to navigate these challenges, the potential for positive change and progress remains.