How to Treat Intestinal Obstruction

Diagnosis

Physical Exam

The process of diagnosing intestinal obstruction often begins with a physical exam. Your doctor gathers information about your medical history and your symptoms before performing a detailed examination. They may identify signs of intestinal obstruction such as a swollen or tender abdomen, or a palpable lump. During the exam, your doctor might also assess bowel sounds using a stethoscope.

Imaging Tests

Several imaging tests can help confirm the presence of intestinal obstruction:

X-rays

An abdominal X-ray is a common initial test. However, not all intestinal obstructions can be detected with standard X-rays. In some cases, a barium enema or air enema might be performed to enhance visualization.

Computed Tomography (CT) Scan

A CT scan combines multiple X-ray images to produce detailed cross-sectional images, helping to identify intestinal blockages more accurately than a standard X-ray.

Ultrasound

Ultrasound is a preferred imaging method for diagnosing intestinal obstruction in children, especially for conditions like intussusception. An ultrasound can show characteristic signs of intussusception more clearly.

Treatment

Hospitalization for Stabilization

Treatment for intestinal obstruction typically requires hospitalization. Initial steps often include:

Placing an intravenous (IV) line for fluid administration Inserting a nasogastric tube to remove air and fluid and reduce abdominal swelling Inserting a catheter into the bladder to drain urine and collect it for testing

Treating Specific Causes of Intestinal Obstruction

The treatment approach depends on the cause of the obstruction:

Intussusception

For children with intussusception, a barium or air enema can be both diagnostic and therapeutic. Often, no further treatment is necessary if the enema is successful.

Partial Obstruction

For partial obstructions, after stabilization, your doctor might recommend a low-fiber diet and surgery only if the obstruction does not clear on its own.

Complete Obstruction

Complete obstructions generally require surgery to remove the blockage and potentially address damaged sections of the intestine.

Pseudo-obstruction (Paralytic Ileus)

In cases of paralytic ileus, your doctor might monitor your condition and treat the underlying cause if it's known. You may be given food via a nasogastric tube or IV to prevent malnutrition. In more severe cases, medication or decompression may be needed.

Complications

Untreated intestinal obstruction can lead to serious complications, including tissue death and infection:

Tissue Death: Lack of blood supply can lead to the death of intestinal tissue, causing perforation and infection. Infection (Peritonitis): Infection in the abdominal cavity is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical attention.

Prevention and Risk Factors

Several factors can increase your risk of intestinal obstruction, including:

Abdominal and pelvic surgery, often leading to adhesions Crohn's disease, causing thickening and narrowing of the intestinal passageway Cancer in the abdomen, affecting the intestine's function

Conclusion

Intestinal obstruction is a severe medical condition that necessitates prompt and appropriate treatment. Understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options can significantly impact the prognosis and recovery of those affected.

Keywords: intestinal obstruction, diagnosis, treatment