Understanding ADD and ADHD: Facts and Myths

Many individuals and professionals often become confused by the terms ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). This confusion isn't entirely surprising, given the historical evolution of the terms and the persistent use of the old label. In this article, we will clarify the differences and similarities between ADD and ADHD, examine the possibility of having both, and discuss methods to identify which condition you or your loved ones might be dealing with.

The Evolution of Terminology

It is important to note that there is no real difference between ADD and ADHD; these are simply labels for the same condition, albeit under different names over time. The term ADD was first used to describe the condition from 1980 to 1987. In 1987, the name of the condition was officially changed to ADHD, and the term ADD was discontinued as a diagnostic label. This change was made in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III), the standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States.

Continuity and Usage

The label ADD had been widely used in the 1980s, leading to significant exposure of the condition through books, magazines, and media. Many physicians continued to use the term ADD for a few years after the change because patients were more familiar with it, and it was already well-known. Additionally, the term ADD was frequently used in articles and media to generate interest and readership, as people were more comfortable with a term they recognized.

Even today, some people, especially those associated with inattentive ADHD, continue to use the term ADD out of preference. However, it is not a legitimate medical term and is no longer recognized in modern diagnostic criteria.

Diagnostic Criteria and Types

ADHD, as the modern term, encompasses various types of the condition. It can be primarily focused on inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Individuals may present with different combinations of these symptoms, leading to the distinction between different types of ADHD:

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Inattentive Type): Characterized by difficulty paying attention, making careless mistakes, and difficulty organizing tasks. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Hyperactive-Impulsive Type): Characterized by hyperactivity and impulsivity, such as squirming, fidgeting, and trouble waiting one's turn. Combined Type: This type includes both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms.

The Possibility of Both Conditions

While ADD and ADHD are the same condition, it is possible for individuals to experience symptoms related to both types of ADHD. However, they are not simultaneously diagnosed as different conditions at the same time. The term ADD refers specifically to the inattentive subtype of ADHD, not to a separate condition.

If you or someone you know exhibits symptoms that include both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive behaviors, it is crucial to consult a professional mental health provider. They can conduct a comprehensive evaluation to determine the specific subtype or types of ADHD that may be present. This process typically involves detailed interviews, behavioral observations, and sometimes standardized tests.

Conclusion

In summary, ADD and ADHD are not distinct diagnoses. ADD is an outdated term, and while it was used to describe the inattentive subtype of ADHD, it is no longer used in modern diagnostic criteria. If you suspect you or someone you care about may have ADHD, a professional evaluation can help determine the specific type and provide appropriate treatment. Understanding the terminology and diagnostic process can be key to effective and timely intervention.