Understanding Back Slaps in CPR: EMT Methods and Their Evolution

Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) and firefighters often employ different methods to assist in CPR. Traditionally, back slaps have been a part of the rescue process, but their use has evolved over time. This article delves into the history and current practices of back slaps, their integration with CPR, and the recommended techniques.

History and Context

EMTs perform CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) in various ways, and one method they might use involves creating a trench large enough for a firefighter to sit in. The firefighter, positioned in the trench, would apply pressure to the victim's back while the EMTs performed chest compressions from above. This technique was effective during certain situations, but it also posed hazards, such as injuring the firefighter due to trench collapse during chest compressions.

Changing Practices

The Heimlich maneuver has become the standard method for dealing with airway obstructions, particularly in adults and teenagers. This procedure utilizes upward force to dislodge the obstruction. Back slaps, on the other hand, are no longer recommended because they may only partially dislodge the obstruction, potentially allowing it to move further down the airway.

Current CPR Techniques for Adults and Teenagers

For adults and teenagers, the Heimlich maneuver remains the preferred method to address airway obstructions. This procedure involves immediate abdominal thrusts, which have a higher success rate in expelling the obstruction quickly and safely. The steps include:

Position the victim on their back. Stand behind the victim and wrap your arms around their waist. Pull one fist up and place it slightly above the victim's navel. Grasp your fist with the other hand and give five quick, upward abdominal thrusts. Check the mouth for the dislodged object and remove it if visible. Continue giving chest compressions and rescue breaths if necessary.

Baby CPR

When it comes to infants, the approach is different. EMTs were trained to hold the baby, supporting it by its chest and shoulders. The baby is then slanted head down, and the back is gently slapped to dislodge any blockage. The technique is designed to be gentle and effective without causing undue harm.

Resuscitation Training and Tools

Resuscitation training includes the use of dolls to practice the techniques. This hands-on approach helps EMTs and other medical professionals become more adept at performing CPR and other emergency procedures. It allows them to refine their skills in a controlled environment before applying them in real-world situations.

Recommendations

It is crucial for EMTs and other medical professionals to stay updated on the latest CPR techniques. Back slaps should be used cautiously, if at all, and only in situations where the Heimlich maneuver is not possible or is contraindicated. Continuous education and training are essential for effective and safe emergency response.

Conclusion

The evolution of CPR techniques reflects an ongoing commitment to improving patient outcomes and ensuring the safety of emergency responders. While back slaps may have played a role in the past, the Heimlich maneuver and other advanced techniques are now the focus of resuscitation training. Understanding these methods and their proper application is vital for EMTs and other medical professionals in saving lives.