Understanding Dairy Sensitivity: Causes and Management

Dairy sensitivity is a complex condition that can develop at any point in one's life. It is important to distinguish between a dairy allergy and dairy intolerance, as these two conditions have different causes and require different management strategies.

Dairy Allergy vs. Lactose Intolerance

A dairy allergy, also known as cows milk protein allergy (CMPA), is a type of immunological reaction where the body's immune system mistakenly identifies the proteins in dairy products as harmful substances. This can lead to an allergic reaction that may cause mild to severe symptoms and can develop at any age, unlike lactose intolerance, which usually develops in adulthood.

Common Triggers and Symptoms

Some who are unable to process dairy products due to dairy sensitivity may be sensitive to carageenan, a substance commonly found in dairy products, ice cream, and other foods. Carageenan is a thickening and stabilizing agent derived from red seaweed, and it can cause digestive pain, indigestion, and heartburn. In some cases, the sensitivity may also be to a type of milk protein, leading to an allergic reaction.

The symptoms of dairy sensitivity can vary, but they often include digestive issues such as bloating, gas, and heartburn. Unlike lactose intolerance, dairy sensitivity symptoms can persist for days and may not be alleviated by products like Lactaid or low-lactose products. This is because these products are designed to address lactose intolerance, which is the inability to digest the sugar lactose, not an allergic reaction.

Management Strategies

For individuals with cows milk protein allergy, reducing the amount of lactose in their milk or using products like Lactaid, which convert lactose into galactose and glucose, may not provide relief. These methods are effective for managing lactose intolerance, but they do not address the immune response that occurs in a dairy allergy.

One effective management strategy for cows milk protein allergy is to consume milk products in which the milk proteins have been hydrolysed. Hydrolysis is a process that breaks down proteins into smaller, more manageable peptides, reducing the likelihood of an immune response. This type of milk is often labeled as hypoallergenic and is commonly used in formula for infants with CMPA.

Finding Relief

Those with dairy sensitivity, whether due to lactose intolerance or milk protein allergy, may need to adopt a strict dairy-free diet to avoid symptoms. This involves reading labels carefully and avoiding products that contain dairy or dairy derivatives. It also means seeking out lactose-free or hydrolysed milk alternatives. Consulting with a healthcare professional or a dietitian can provide guidance on nutrient intake and dietary planning when avoiding dairy.

Understanding the difference between a dairy allergy and dairy intolerance is crucial for effective management. Dairy allergies are serious and can cause a wide range of symptoms, including heartburn that persists for days. On the other hand, dairy intolerance may be more manageable with appropriate over-the-counter products. By staying informed and seeking professional advice, individuals can find relief and improve their quality of life.