Understanding Shoulder Pain When Lifting Arms Above Shoulder Level: Common Causes and Solutions

Have you ever experienced pain when lifting your arms above shoulder level but not below? This common issue could be caused by a variety of conditions, with one of the most common being shoulder impingement. In this article, we'll delve into the underlying causes, common symptoms, and solutions for this discomfort.

What is Shoulder Impingement?

Shoulder impingement is a condition where the tendons of the rotator cuff get irritated or inflamed as they pass through the shoulder joint. This often occurs during overhead movements, like lifting your arms above shoulder level. The shoulder is a complex joint, and impingement can be caused by various factors including:

Overuse or injury to the rotator cuff tendons Degenerative changes to the AC joint (the joint above the shoulder)

These factors can lead to bone changes, particularly in the AC joint, which can impinge the rotator cuff tendon as it moves through the shoulder joint. Most commonly, it is the tendon itself that swells or becomes painful due to overuse, injury, or physiological changes such as menopause in women. Fortunately, shoulder impingement can often be effectively managed with rehabilitation.

Other Common Causes

In addition to impingement, there are several other factors that can cause pain when lifting your arms above shoulder level:

Rotator Cuff Injury

The rotator cuff consists of four muscles and their tendons that help stabilize and move the shoulder. Tears or strains in the rotator cuff can lead to pain during overhead activities. This is common in athletes or individuals who perform repetitive overhead motions, such as lifting, throwing, or reaching overhead.

Tendonitis

Inflammation of the tendons around the shoulder, often due to overuse or repetitive strain, can cause pain during certain movements. Tendonitis can affect the supraspinatus tendon, which is part of the rotator cuff, or other tendons in the shoulder such as those in the deltoid or levator scapulae muscle.

Bursitis

Bursitis occurs when the bursa, a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction in the shoulder, becomes inflamed. Bursitis can lead to pain when lifting the arm overhead. This is common in individuals who engage in activities that involve repetitive arm movements and overhead reaching.

Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition where the shoulder joint becomes stiff and painful, making it difficult to lift the arm above shoulder level. It often affects middle-aged adults and can be caused by issues such as diabetes, thyroid problems, or previous shoulder injuries.

Posture and Muscle Imbalances

Poor posture or muscle imbalances can affect how the shoulder moves, leading to pain when lifting the arms overhead. For example, if the muscles on the front of the shoulder are weak and the muscles on the back are tight, this can place excessive strain on the rotator cuff tendons.

Nerve Impingement

Nerve impingement in the cervical spine (neck) can sometimes cause pain that radiates to the shoulder, affecting movement and causing discomfort during overhead activities. Conditions like cervical radiculopathy can interfere with the function of the shoulder.

When to Seek Professional Help

If the pain persists or worsens, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for a proper assessment and diagnosis. A healthcare provider may recommend:

Rest Physical therapy Medications to reduce inflammation and manage pain Hot or cold therapy Injection therapy Occupational therapy

Depending on the underlying cause, your healthcare provider may also recommend specific exercises or interventions to address the issue and prevent future occurrences.

Conclusion

Shoulder pain when lifting arms above shoulder level can be caused by several factors, with shoulder impingement being the most common. By understanding the causes and seeking proper treatment, you can effectively manage and alleviate this discomfort. Whether it's through rehabilitation, physical therapy, or other interventions, taking the right steps can help you return to your normal activities without pain.