Understanding Subtle Signs of Autism and Asperger Syndrome
Understanding Subtle Signs of Autism and Asperger Syndrome
Autism and Asperger syndrome are often discussed in terms of how they differ. Today, Asperger’s is no longer a separate diagnosis, as it was officially absorbed into the broader category of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in 2013. However, the distinctions are still relevant in understanding the unique traits and experiences of individuals who might fall under these diagnoses.
What is the Difference Between Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome?
The American Psychiatric Association (APA) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) no longer distinguish between autism and Asperger’s. The term Asperger’s was discontinued more than a decade ago, reflecting a shift in diagnostic categories. Originally seen as a separate condition, it is now considered at the higher end of the autism spectrum.
While the labels no longer exist, the concept of Asperger’s as a high-functioning form of autism still has significance in understanding certain behavioral traits. Some advocates and experts, like the authors of the book "Asperger's Syndrome" by NOVA Science, continue to explore the nuances of this earlier classification.
Personal Insights on Living with Asperger's
Living with Asperger’s—now understood as high-functioning autism—can be incredibly complex. For instance, I, a person who fits this profile, experienced childhood struggles. I was mute in school, an outcome that continues to baffle me. Growing up, my family dynamics played a significant role. My father’s abandonment and my mother’s abusive behavior added layers of emotional and psychological challenges.
Today, the term "autism" is often used to refer to a range of conditions previously known as Asperger’s. This shift can be misleading. I consider myself highly functional, to the extent that most people wouldn’t suspect my condition unless I revealed it. My perception of social boundaries and norms is heightened, and I often worry about offending others or violating personal space.
Reframing Understanding: From Low to High Functioning
The terms "high-functioning" and "low-functioning" often hinder a nuanced understanding of autism. They paint a simplistic picture that doesn’t account for the diverse experiences and abilities of individuals. While some people with autism may struggle with routines and social interactions, others, like myself, excel in specific areas and can manage daily life with independence.
The common perception of autism, often associated with self-care and specific talents, does not fully capture the spectrum of experiences. Asperger’s, or high-functioning autism, is more commonly seen as social awkwardness paired with exceptional intelligence. However, this viewpoint can overlook the profound anxiety and social challenges faced by many individuals.
My personal experience highlights the importance of recognizing the unique challenges and strengths of each individual. My severe anxiety remains a significant barrier to functioning in certain environments, despite my ability to care for myself and engage in businesslike interactions in everyday settings. The struggle to socialize, while not obsolete, is more about my inclination toward introversion than a lack of ability to navigate social situations.
Therapy and support need to be tailored to individual needs, rather than following a one-size-fits-all approach. Diagnosis and assessment should be thorough and sensitive, embracing neurodiversity and recognizing the unique combination of strengths and struggles that each person brings to the table.