Veterinary Clinics and the Release of Patient Information

The privacy and confidentiality of veterinary records are critical components of the relationship between pet owners and veterinarians. This article explores the practices and regulations surrounding the release of patient information by veterinary clinics, especially in Western and non-Westernized countries.

Western Practice: Privacy Protections for Veterinary Records

General practice in Western veterinary clinics adheres closely to patient information protections, much like those for human patients. However, certain situations can lead to confidential information being disclosed with the aim of ensuring public and animal health. For instance, in the case of pet bites, veterinarians may reveal the vaccination status of the biting animal to the bitten individual or the city's health department to prevent potential public health risks. They do so especially when the owner does not cooperate, though they typically face minimal legal consequences.

Ownership Transfer and Medical Necessity

When ownership of an animal is transferred, veterinarians may provide medical records to the new owner for several reasons, primarily to ensure public health (e.g., rabies and distemper) and individual animal health (e.g., the presence of metal implants like TPLOs [Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy implants], which can cause issues with medical imaging procedures). This not only protects the health of the new owner but also helps in making informed healthcare decisions for the animal.

Non-Westernized Context and Local Practices

In non-Westernized countries, veterinary practices are influenced by local best practices and applicable laws. For example, in North Korea, the specifics of patient privacy are unknown, while in rural parts of the Caribbean, veterinarians often share information for community health and safety. For instance, if there is a question about loose animals in the community, veterinarians may inform the public about vaccination statuses.

AVMA Guidelines on Release of Veterinary Records

The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) provides clear guidelines on the release of veterinary records. According to the AVMA, any information within veterinary medical records is considered privileged and confidential, except under certain conditions such as court orders, public health emergencies, or client consent. The client is entitled to receive a complete record within two business days of their request. Additionally, a licensed veterinarian or practice may have an extra three business days to provide non-digital diagnostic images and may charge reasonable copying fees.

Personal Experience and Guidelines Adherence

As a veterinary technician for 20 years, the author would never release any information without verifying it with the client or obtaining a doctor's order. Veterinary records are considered just as private as human medical records, emphasizing the importance of adhering to these guidelines.