What Do Psychologists Rely On When Not Practicing Evidence-Based Methods?

When someone mentions evidence-based practice in psychology, it often brings to mind the structured, scientifically validated approaches preferred by many therapists. However, it is not uncommon for some psychologists to explore and use alternative techniques beyond these evidence-based practices. This article explores the techniques and methods that some psychologists may rely on when they do not strictly follow evidence-based practice.

The Role of Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology

Evidence-based practice in psychology stems from rigorous theoretical and empirical research, laying the foundation for effective therapeutic interventions. It is a critical component of modern psychological practice, ensuring that treatment approaches are based on the best available research and clinical evidence. However, it is important to recognize that psychology is a vast and evolving field, and not all interventions are immediately evidence-based upon development.

Psychology Beyond Evidence-Based Practice

While evidence-based practices form the backbone of modern psychology, there are still valid and effective methods that have not yet gained the level of empirical validation required for evidence-based status. Any licensed clinician, such as a licensed independent clinical social worker (LICSW) or a licensed alcohol and drug counselor (LADC), has been trained in these evidence-based practices. However, the level of adherence to these methods can vary.

Some therapists find that traditional evidence-based approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), may not be the best fit for all clients. In these cases, psychologists may explore alternative methods such as:

Reiki: A form of complementary therapy that involves the hands-on and off-body placement to provide energy balance. While controversial, there is ongoing research to explore its benefits. Psychedelic Therapy: Used in treating addiction and other mental health conditions, this approach involves the use of psychoactive substances under controlled conditions. Research is still in its early stages but shows promising results. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): Initially controversial, this technique has gained recognition as a valuable treatment for trauma, and significant research supports its efficacy. Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Approaches: These methods often rely on deeper, more introspective processes and may be less rooted in empirical evidence compared to CBT, but still have their psychological underpinnings and research bases.

Transparency and Client Informed Consent

Whether a therapist uses evidence-based practices or alternative methods, the most important aspect is transparency and informed consent. Clients have a right to know the knowledge base and effectiveness of the methods being employed. Practitioners must clearly explain the rationale for using a particular approach, its potential benefits, and any potential limitations. This ensures that the client can make an informed decision about their treatment.

For example, a therapist who incorporates Reiki into their practice must explain that the method has limited empirical evidence but is based on traditional practices and health sciences understanding. Similarly, a therapist using psychedelic therapy must discuss the emerging research and its potential risks and benefits. This level of transparency helps clients feel more engaged and empowered in their mental health journey.

Regulatory Compliance and Legal Requirements

While some psychologists may choose to explore alternative methods, it is crucial to adhere to legal and regulatory standards. In the state of California, for instance, psychologists must pass licensing exams administered and scored by the State of California. They must also be licensed to collect money from insurance companies and publicly advertise their services as psychologists.

These requirements help ensure that clients receive treatment from qualified professionals who meet established standards. Therapists who do not meet these requirements can face legal consequences, including fines and loss of licensure.

Conclusion

It is uncommon for a psychologist to not utilize any form of evidence-based practice. Most trained and licensed psychologists have been rigorously educated in evidence-based methods and use them as a foundation for their work. However, some may incorporate alternative or less empirically supported methods based on their clinical experience and the client's needs. The key is that therapists remain transparent and informed, ensuring clients understand the rationale and potential outcomes of any treatment approach they receive.