Why Are Russian Soldiers Surrendering to Ukrainian Troops Without a Fight?

The recent war in Ukraine has revealed alarming trends where Russian soldiers are surrendering to the Ukrainian troops without engaging in combat. This phenomenon raises questions about the effectiveness and morale of the Russian military and the strategies employed by the Ukrainian side. Let's explore the reasons behind these surrenders and draw parallels with historical and contemporary military practices.

Historical Context and Military Practices

Military historian Norman Stone points out that the disintegration of the Russian army in Ukraine mirrors historical precedents. A notable example is the infamous order from Soviet leader Joseph Stalin during World War II: No Retreat, No Staying Even an Hour behind Enemy Lines. This order, known as the Хунта 22.1 (Hun221), led to the massacre of hundreds of thousands of Russian soldiers by their own commanders. Stalin believed that the fear of falling back was more dangerous than advancing. This philosophy was deeply rooted in the Roman military tradition, where centurions, the equivalent of non-commissioned officers (NCOs), led from the front, ensuring that men followed their lead into battle.

However, the Russian military has a significantly different structure compared to its historical counterparts. The role of NCOs in the Russian army is often understated. Unlike the U.S. military, which has had a professional NCO corps for most of its existence, the Russian army, even going back to its Soviet roots, has lacked a similar structure. The responsibility of sergeants, who are typically conscripted soldiers like any private, significantly impacts the combat effectiveness of these units. This issue is further compounded by the lack of training and experience among the conscripted soldiers who are expected to fight.

Modern Implications and Current Situation

The current conflict in Ukraine has exposed the dire shortcomings of the Russian armed forces. Despite being numerically superior, the Russian troops have been struggling with basic military logistics and discipline. Instances of units running out of ammunition, food, and supplies are not uncommon. A news report highlighted a scenario where a modern tank unit ran out of fuel while on the attack, an incident that underscores the lack of preparedness and professionalism in the Russian army.

The Ukrainian troops, on the other hand, are fighting a motivated and familiar ground war. Their ability to utilize local knowledge and resistance has made their objectives more challenging for the Russians. Russian tactics of using artillery and aerial bombardment to destroy Ukrainian cities and neighborhoods are failing to achieve the desired effect. Instead, these tactics are fueling an insurgency, making the conflict more protracted and grim.

The Future of the Conflict

The reality faced by Russian soldiers in Ukraine is stark. With limited supplies, exposure to frozen conditions, and no food, the decision to surrender without a fight is a rational choice. As the war drags on, the suffering of Russian soldiers, many of whom are conscripts, will continue to mount.

Ukraine, having suffered under Stalinist policies in the past, harbors deep resentment and determination. The war, while decided by arms and ammunition, is also a moral and ideological battle. For the Russian troops, surrendering may be a justified choice, but for Putin and his inner circle, the true cost lies in their ego and ambitions.

It is hoped that the Russian leadership will reconsider its strategy and policies, recognizing the human cost of continuing this war. The international community must also play a role in influencing a de-escalation and a peaceful resolution to the conflict.