Why Did the United States Sell Weapons to Saudi Arabia?

Introduction

The relationship between the United States and Saudi Arabia extends far beyond the realm of geopolitics and has been characterized by substantial military cooperation over the years. One key aspect of this relationship is the sale of high-end weapons to Saudi Arabia. This article delves into the reasons behind these sales, exploring the political dynamics and strategic alliances that have shaped this partnership.

The Political Dynamics of High-End Weapons Sales

High-end weapons sales are often deeply political, and Saudi Arabia's purchase of sophisticated military equipment from the United States exemplifies this. In the context of the U.S. - Saudi Arabia relationship, strategic considerations often take precedence over adherence to diplomatic protocols. The United States has a vested interest in keeping Saudi Arabia as a balance against potential threats from other regional powers, such as Iran and Russia. By providing advanced military technology, the United States ensures that Saudi Arabia remains a reliable ally and a counterweight to these emerging powers.

The Personal Touch in Diplomacy

The personal interactions between American officials and their Saudi counterparts play a significant role in these diplomatic engagements. The case of Donald Trump, a reference point in the article, describes a situation where personal pampering was used to achieve political ends. Trump’s experience during his visit to Saudi Arabia involved being treated like a king, with extravagant gifts and guest-friendly accommodations. These gestures were not just about making a friend; they were part of a calculated strategy to push through highly sensitive military transactions that might otherwise be delayed or denied due to ethical considerations or political pressures.

The Historical Context of U.S. - Saudi Relations

The history of U.S. - Saudi relations dates back to 1933 when full diplomatic relations were established, formalized through the 1951 Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement. This agreement laid the groundwork for unprecedented military and economic cooperation between the two nations. The Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement, under the provisions of the Mutual Defense Act of 1949, allowed the United States to supply military assistance to Saudi Arabia, including the sale of advanced weapons systems.

Key Documents and Agreements

Historical documentation paints a picture of the intricate negotiations and agreements that have sustained the U.S. - Saudi military alliance. For instance, in September 1955, the United States formally approved the sale of eighteen M-41 tanks to Saudi Arabia. The decision was based on the recommendation of the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) and was couched in terms of the long-standing and special U.S. - Saudi relationship. The timing and manner of this approval would have been politically sensitive, especially if the sale were seen as a response to Soviet military advances in the region.

The Role of the MAAG

The Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) was a crucial component in the U.S. - Saudi military relationship. MAAG was established to train and advise the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Defense and Aviation. By ensuring that Saudi Arabia was equipped and trained to handle advanced military technology, the MAAG played a significant role in maintaining the alliance and fostering mutual trust.

Conclusion

The sale of high-end weapons to Saudi Arabia underscores the complex and multifaceted nature of the U.S. - Saudi strategic partnership. While financial considerations and ethical concerns are important, political and security imperatives often take precedence. The personal touch in diplomacy and the historical context of mutual defense agreements have been instrumental in sustaining this alliance, ensuring that Saudi Arabia remains a reliable partner in the face of regional challenges.

References

172. Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in Saudi Arabia, Washington September 3, 1955—5:39 p.m. 117. Deptel 77. You may now inform SAG request to purchase eighteen M–41 tanks approved under provisions MDA Agreement and in accordance with MAAG recommendation that tanks required for training. On June 16, 1951, Saudi Arabia and the United States concluded a Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement MDA under the provisions of the Mutual Defense Act of 1949. Under the terms of a Military Assistance Advisory Group agreement MAAG concluded on June 27, 1953, the United States agreed to establish a training mission to assist and advise the Saudi Arabian Minister of Defense and Aviation.