Why Do Shingles Come and Go: Understanding the Facts

Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus responsible for chickenpox. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in the body and can reactivate later on, leading to shingles.

What Triggers Shingles?

Shingles can occur at any time, but certain factors increase the likelihood of a flare-up. These include aging, a weakened immune system, and stress. When the varicella-zoster virus reactivates, it targets nerve cells, causing a characteristic rash and severe pain. This resurgence can lead to various complications, including vision problems if the rash appears around the eyes.

Risk Factors and Prevention

Having had chickenpox in childhood significantly increases the risk of developing shingles later in life. However, the virus remains in the body, lurking and potentially reactivating under certain conditions. For individuals over 50, particularly those with weakened immune systems, getting the shingles vaccine can provide significant protection. In fact, the Shingrex vaccine is highly effective, with a success rate of around 97% in preventing shingles.

Understanding the Virus and Symptoms

The varicella-zoster virus is not fully eliminated from the body when the symptoms of chickenpox subside. Instead, the virus remains dormant in nerve cells. Later in life, when the immune system becomes weakened, these viruses can reactivate and travel to nerve endings closer to the skin surface, causing the characteristic shingles rash and pain. This virus can also affect nerves controlling muscles and, in some cases, impact one or both eyes, potentially leading to vision loss.

Treatment and Prognosis

Shingles can be managed with antiviral medications, which help reduce the severity and duration of the outbreak. However, these medications do not always clear the virus completely, and in some cases, the rash may persist or return. Vaccination remains the best defense against shingles, as it greatly reduces the risk of developing the condition. For those who do experience shingles, prompt medical attention can help manage symptoms and minimize complications.

It is crucial to recognize the signs of shingles and seek medical advice promptly. Early intervention can improve outcomes and prevent severe complications. If you have ever had chickenpox and are over 50, consider speaking with your healthcare provider about getting the shingles vaccine to prevent potential outbreaks.