Why Doesn't Water Enter the Nose When We Are in Water?

When you're underwater, several factors collaborate to ensure that water doesn't enter your nose. This mechanism not only ensures your safety but also explains why water doesn't cause a problem for swimmers, divers, or those who spend time in water.

Nasal Anatomy and Turbinates

The nasal anatomy plays a crucial role in keeping water out of your nose. The intricate structure of the nasal passages, along with the presence of nasal turbinates, acts like a natural filtration system. Turbinates are flat, wing-like structures that help to warm, humidify, and clean the air we breathe. In the case of water, these structures can help to limit the amount of water that reaches your nasal passages.

Natural Reflexes to Close Nasal Passages

Another key factor is the body's nasal reflexes. When you submerge your face in water, your body triggers a reflex to close off the nasal passages. This reflex is similar to the one that occurs when you hold your breath. By closing the nasal passages, your body ensures that water cannot enter, providing an additional layer of protection.

Surface Tension and Water Barrier

Surface tension—the phenomenon that causes the surface of a liquid to behave like a stretched elastic membrane—also plays a critical role. Water molecules are strongly attracted to each other, creating a high surface tension. At the entrance of the nostrils, this high surface tension creates a barrier that makes it difficult for water to enter. This natural barrier acts as a fluid trap, keeping water out of your air passages.

Breath Control and Mouth Breathing

Most people instinctively hold their breath or exhale through their mouth when submerged under water. This behavior limits the amount of water that can enter the nasal passages. By using mouth breathing rather than nasal breathing, you reduce the likelihood of water entering your nose. Mouth breathing also helps to keep the airways clear and reduces the risk of choking.

Nasal Valve Mechanism

The nasal valve, located at the entrance of the nasal cavity, can constrict to further minimize the entry of water. The nasal valve is a flexible, band of tissue that helps to control airflow. When you're submerged, the nasal valve may contract to reduce the size of the opening, making it even more difficult for water to enter the nasal passages.

Techniques and Individual Differences

While these protective mechanisms work for most people, some individuals may experience challenges due to unique ENT (ear, nose, and throat) systems. Techniques can vary between individuals, and some may require more practice to master. For example, as a keen windsurfer and surfer, falling into the water often leads to choking, which can be a significant problem. However, with practice, you can learn to hold your breath or exhale through your mouth more effectively, reducing the risk of water entering your nose.

Additionally, some individuals may have different nasal structures or other underlying conditions that can make it more challenging to keep water out. If you consistently experience difficulties, it may be worth consulting an ENT specialist to explore any potential issues.

Understanding these mechanisms can help you appreciate the body's natural defenses and improve your water safety and enjoyment. Whether you're a swimmer, surfer, or just enjoy spending time in the water, knowing how your body protects you can enhance your experience and reduce the risk of unwanted and unpleasant surprises.